Everyone, everywhere must enjoy the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment by UN Human Rights experts, Special Rapporteurs   Oct. 2026   Commemorating five years since the UN Human Rights Council expressly recognised that everyone, everywhere must enjoy the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, States, international entities and businesses must prioritise its implementation.   Implementing the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is an urgent priority, especially in light of the increasingly severe human rights impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and toxic pollution.   As UN human rights experts, we urge all States, international entities and businesses to demonstrate leadership and advance practical solutions on the ground to address the triple planetary crisis, mainstreaming this right, instead of increasing resistance to its implementation.   Today, the universal recognition of this right is further reinforced by the legal certainty provided by international law. Effective implementation is therefore essential to ensure the protection and realization of all other human rights and must be achieved without further delay.   On 8 October 2021, the UN Human Rights Council expressly recognised in Resolution 48/13, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as a human right. This historic resolution opened the way for the General Assembly to, accordingly, recognise the right in July 2022. However, recognition alone is not enough. The right must be translated from principle into practice, particularly for marginalised individuals and groups who are suffering the most from the negative impacts of environmental degradation and climate change, including women who experience particular and disproportionate effects of these crises, and should be integrated in all tiers of education.   As we mark the historic recognition of the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment for everyone, everywhere, we stress the interdependence of this with all other rights, and how essential it is to advancing peace and sustainable development.   Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent, and, as unanimously reaffirmed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and more recently, in the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice, a healthy environment is essential to and a precondition for the enjoyment of all other human rights.   The recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as a human right marks a milestone achieved through the collective efforts and collaboration of many actors from around the world.   This historic recognition was supported by States –with a vast majority voting in favour and none voting against these resolutions. It was achieved after five decades of efforts from Indigenous Peoples, human rights defenders, social movements, people of African descent, peasants and campesinos, civil society organizations, United Nations entities, Special Procedures and many others.   It therefore stands as a testament to what international cooperation and participatory processes can achieve for the benefit of present and future generations.   The right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment includes clean air, a safe climate, safe and sustainably produced food, safe and sufficient water, healthy biodiversity and ecosystems, and non-toxic environments.   Industrial food systems impact healthy ecosystems and biodiversity and other elements of the right, therefore, agroecological transformation pathways of industrial food systems must be advanced to safeguard ecosystems and food for future generations.   A healthy environment also includes access to information, meaningful public participation and access to justice and effective remedies.   The recognition of this right by the UN Human Rights Council, followed by the UN General Assembly, inspired an increasing number of States to recognise it in their constitutions or legislation. To date 166 have done so.   The African and the Inter-American human rights systems were the first to recognise this right. It is also included in the Arab Charter of Human Rights and by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which recently adopted a declaration on the right to safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment, with a regional action plan currently under development. The Council of Europe has been discussing this recognition for several years, and UN human rights experts have urged member States to begin negotiations on a legally binding instrument recognising the right to a healthy environment.   The legal recognition is strengthened by recent advisory opinions from the International Court of Justice and the Inter-American Court on Human Rights, which confirm that a healthy environment is both a human right, and essential to advancing urgent and systemic transformative changes needed to achieve a healthy planet to all.   We also emphasise the importance and the obligation of States to effectively protect environmental human rights defenders, civil society organizations and movements, including women human rights defenders, independent media and those working to protect the environment, the climate system, lands, the ocean and their territories.   Implementing the right to a healthy environment also requires ensuring that they are highly supported, recognised, and protected, reflecting the crucial importance of their work for all communities, societies and the planet.   Instead, today they increasingly face serious threats attacks and even enforced disapperances and killings, as well as shrinking civic spaces in which to carry out their work.   We note with concern that the recognition of the right to a healthy environment contrasts with the worrying situation faced by environmental human rights defenders, particularly women and girls, Indigenous Peoples, people of African descent, campesinos and peasants, and fisherfolk, independent environmental scientists, independent media, and civil society organizations and movements.   We therefore reaffirm the obligation of States and the responsibility of international entities and business to respect this right and to guarantee a safe space for those who work to defend it.   States must also investigate all enforced disapperances and killings of environmental human rights defenders in line with international standards including the Minnesota Protocol on the investigation of potentially unlawful death (2016) with a view to ensuring truth, justice, accountability, preventing impunity and drawing lessons to avoid repeated violations.   We welcome the positive inclusion of the right to a healthy environment in multilateral decisions, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and emphasize the importance of continuing with this inclusion and implementation. We stress that States, businesses and international entities must work in a coordinated manner to ensure its effective implementation.   We are also concerned by legislative and policy setbacks as well as the increasing prevalence of war, conflict, occupation and genocide, all of which have direct and profound impacts on the right to a healthy environment. A healthy environment both catalyzes and sustains a healthy and peaceful planet.   Thus, rather than pursuing deregulation, and escalating conflicts, militarization and financing of war, efforts should be shifted towards strengthening the rule of law and increasing investment in environmental protection, climate action, and ecosystem restoration, in accordance with international law obligations.   Recent challenges to explicitly include the right to a healthy environment in international negotiations and agreements underscore the need to renew the collaboration and commitment in advancing this right.   It is vital that States and businesses, as well as all international entities, mainstream the right to a healthy environment; as happened when the recognition of the right was achieved, by closely collaborating for its implementation.   We stress that the inclusion of the right to a healthy environment and a human rights-based approach is fundamental to addressing root causes, preventing and solving the serious impacts of the planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and toxic pollution, with their severe environmental, economic, social, cultural and developmental consequences.   We reiterate that the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is essential for the enjoyment of all human rights and that those in the most marginalised and discriminatory situations are suffering the most from the negative impacts of the triple planetary crisis.   We therefore highlight the importance of ensuring that all actions and initiatives prioritise addressing these impacts and developing intersectional solutions, informed by science as well as by good practices– including Indigenous knowledge, local knowledge, and the meaningful participation of children, youth, women and persons with disabilities–and supported with adequate budgets so that measures are implemented as a matter of priority to support and benefit, in particular, those who have contributed the least to these crises yet suffer the most from their impact.   http://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2026/10/five-years-recognition-right-healthy-environment-un-experts-urge http://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/07/un-experts-welcome-recognition-international-court-justice-all-states-must
	Everyone, everywhere is born free and equal in dignity and rights by Volker Turk United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights   7 Sep. 2026   Address to the United Nations Human Rights Council by Volker Turk, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights:   "We live in an age of extremes. Raging wars, painful polarization, climate chaos, and head-spinning technological change make people feel disoriented and even powerless.   Strong forces are working to create and sustain that feeling. Tech moguls, populists, and vested interests, amplified by social media echo chambers, tell us these trends are inevitable. In fact, the opposite is true.   History is full of brave people who took action to resist oppression and demand their rights. People who called out injustice and inequality. People who refused to accept their fate, coming together to channel the universal values that underpin our humanity. This truth is a force to be reckoned with, underpinning all we are doing.   The past years have been marked by a growing number of armed conflicts, and diminishing respect for international human rights and humanitarian law, and the United Nations Charter itself.   There are now more than 60 wars involving at least one State – the highest number since the end of the Second World War. The surge in conflict between States takes us into particularly dangerous territory.   I am alarmed by the resumption of attacks between the United States and Iran, affecting the entire Gulf region. Recent reports of civilian deaths and injuries, including at a wedding in Hormozgan province, are particularly concerning. The geopolitical and economic impacts of this entirely avoidable crisis are again reverberating around the world, and I appeal for an immediate return to negotiations.   Russia’s full-scale war in Ukraine, now in its fifth year, is on a menacing trajectory, with soaring civilian casualties and intensified attacks on energy infrastructure. While the overwhelming majority of civilians killed are Ukrainians, there are also reports of growing numbers of deaths and injuries in Russia.   I am horrified by reports that fully autonomous drones launched by the Russian Federation killed three Ukrainians last month. Ukraine has reportedly also field-tested such weapons. I join calls for the urgent prohibition of weapons that can take lives without human involvement. There is only one way out of this madness: peace negotiations that respect the UN Charter.   In its fourth year, the war in Sudan is expanding. Parties to the conflict continue to launch attacks on markets, hospitals, fuel stations and other civilian infrastructure. I urge the Council to focus on the deteriorating situation in Kordofan, Blue Nile, and North and West Darfur, where civilians are at imminent risk. Again, there needs to be an immediate ceasefire, an end to foreign involvement, and a return to inclusive civilian rule.   In Gaza, Israel has killed more than 1,300 Palestinians in daily strikes, despite the ceasefire that was announced almost a year ago, according to figures from the Palestinian Ministry of Health. It continues to restrict the entry of humanitarian aid. I am appalled by Israeli proposals for the forced expulsion of all Palestinians from the Gaza Strip, and the constant stream of dehumanising rhetoric by some senior officials. I am also troubled that armed groups affiliated with Hamas have executed and tortured several Palestinians suspected of collaboration.   In the West Bank, Israel’s annexation is unfolding, unobstructed, despite the clear ruling of the International Court of Justice. What more will it take for States to take action to prevent the entrenchment of occupation across land earmarked for Palestinians under the two-state solution? They need to end the transfer to Israel of arms that risk being used to violate international law. Companies also need to end business practices that support illegal settlements.   We need far greater efforts by the international community towards sustainable peace, in which Palestine and Israel live side by side in equal dignity and rights, in line with UN resolutions and international law. Words of condemnation ring hollow in the face of deliberate violations and suffering.   In Lebanon, Israeli forces must end attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure. My Office’s assessment team is investigating violations committed by both Israel and Hezbollah since 2 March; this is crucial for truth-telling and accountability.   Beyond these conflicts, there are many places around the world where people are neither at war, nor at peace. Negotiations are breaking down. Ceasefires are disregarded.   I am concerned about renewed hostilities in South Sudan and escalating tensions in Yemen. I urge the parties to exercise restraint and the international community to do all it can to avert a return to all-out war. And I again urge the Houthis to release at once our 73 UN and NGO colleagues who have dedicated their lives to easing the suffering of the Yemeni people.   In Ethiopia, civilians are bearing the brunt of attacks in Amhara and Oromia, and of renewed tensions in Tigray. I urge all parties to end attacks against civilians and to respect international law, and I call on the government to deliver transitional justice and accountability.   We will provide detailed updates on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Myanmar, and other countries impacted by conflict later in this session.   War reflects the failure of our humanity. The pursuit of peace embodies humanity at its best.   My Office will continue its vital work monitoring and documenting human rights violations. We will denounce all attempts to disregard international human rights and humanitarian law. And we will continue seeking ways to break cycles of violence.   I see seven entry points that we hope to pursue in the coming years:   First, we will step up our analysis and advocacy around the colossal business and economic interests that fuel wars. We will not shy away from exposing the shadow players and calling for accountability.   Second, we will support States to advance comprehensive transitional justice, looking at all perpetrators, and centred on victims. Without truth-telling, reconciliation and accountability, trauma and grievance turn towards vengeance and renewed violence.   Third, we will continue to support mediation, including through confidence-building measures grounded in human rights.   Fourth, we will work to increase women’s participation and leadership in peace processes. Despite the historic role that women played as peacemakers in Ireland, Liberia, the Philippines and beyond, women are largely absent from negotiations on the DRC, Gaza, Sudan, and Ukraine.   Fifth, we will work with the grassroots organisations mobilizing for peace around the world, across communities and divides. The vast majority of people everywhere want peace – and they need our support.   Sixth, we will leverage human rights as an early warning tool. We will strengthen our investigative and analytical capacities, to help identify tensions before they erupt in violence.   Finally, we will continue pushing for accountability – a prerequisite for sustainable peace.   I urge States to strengthen domestic accountability mechanisms and to give their full backing to the International Criminal Court. I also encourage States who have yet to do so to exercise available universal jurisdiction, so that those accused of atrocity crimes face justice even when domestic courts are unable or unwilling to act.   The tragedy of conflict has touched almost all our lives. The human cost echoes down the generations, and every war has a devastating impact on our health and our environment.   But today, we face other threats to our rights that are unfamiliar; even unprecedented.   The relationship between digital tools like AI, and our human nature, our human agency, will be a priority for the years ahead. The need for AI governance is widely acknowledged – but where is the action? Delay only benefits the massive tech companies, their owners and enablers.   A handful of men has almost unlimited power over AI, which we are repeatedly told has unimaginable computing capacity. They talk about freedom, but on closer inspection, this turns out to be little more than the freedom to exploit our data.   There has been some limited progress at the international level, including the establishment of the Global Dialogue on AI and the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI. And I welcome landmark steps on platform accountability by the European Commission, and AI governance by the Republic of Korea, among others.   However, I share the concerns of industry insiders that advanced AI could pose an existential risk to humanity. AI that escapes its testing environment, or blackmails developers to prevent itself from being turned off, is AI that is too powerful.   I am calling here, today, for an all-out effort to put cast iron guarantees in place around the safety and security of AI, before it is too late. AI have to take the steps to reduce risks, now.   At a minimum, we need countries hosting AI and those involved in its supply chains to come together around agreed red lines. We need independent verification, and much stronger collaboration on security within the industry. We also need to consider the human rights impacts of AI on employment practices, on fundamental principles of democracy, and on our environment.   Little wonder people are rejecting AI and even refusing to use it. Governments and companies need to listen. to those calling for technology that serves humanity rather than the other way round.   When I hear about technology leading to extraordinary progress and prosperity, I can’t help asking: where will that prosperity come from if we don’t change the way we treat our planet? From scorched, exhausted land? Technology is not a magic wand. Its development needs to be matched by action on the other challenges we face.   Take the climate crisis. The massive hidden cost of fossil fuels to our health, economies, and environment far exceeds what appears on our energy bills. The International Monetary Fund puts those costs at some $6.7 trillion a year – nearly six percent of global GDP. European heatwaves have killed an estimated 35,000 people this summer, with the true toll likely to be much higher. None of this is inevitable.   We must keep our focus on limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as set out in the Paris Agreement. We need to pursue decarbonization urgently and increase investment in resilience, adaptation, and early warning, based on equity and solidarity. These are human rights imperatives, if we are to safeguard people from catastrophes like the recent glacier collapse in Nepal and China.   Unfortunately, today’s investments and innovations seem to be driven largely by profit – regardless of the costs. These business models are squeezing our planet – and its people – past breaking point.   The immense concentration of wealth and power in one small corner of humanity is creating tensions that undermine both stability and sustainability. Yet rather than urgently addressing these imbalances, some leaders are exploiting them. Imposing crippling tariffs on countries already under severe stress from the climate crisis, debt burdens, and inequitable tax rules, weakens their political autonomy and their ability to fight poverty.   When we celebrate economic growth, let’s be honest about where this growth goes. The International Labour Organization estimates that over the past two decades, it has benefited owners and investors more than workers. Across the world, growing numbers of people cannot afford secure housing or a healthy diet.   These injustices are putting the social contract under increasing strain. In many countries, including Albania, Argentina, India, Indonesia, and Tunisia, anger over inequality, unbearable living costs, lack of basic services, unemployment, and corruption has boiled over into the streets.   Human rights need to underpin all development efforts if they are to be truly sustainable. We will continue to work to ensure they are at the heart of global policy, including the UN Tax Convention, the International Panel on Inequality, the Loss and Damage Fund – and the emerging vision for sustainable development beyond 2030.   I will also focus on civic space, and on people’s rights to peaceful protest, free expression, and information. These rights build trust between people and their governments. They are a bridge between frustration and dialogue; between aspirations and change. Yet, instead of engaging with the legitimate concerns of their people, many States are resorting to repression.   In Iran, the authorities are using the war as a pretext to pursue even more brutal oppression. Since March 2026, 59 people have been executed on national security-related charges – more than the number put to death on the same charges in the whole of 2025. Business closures linked to compulsory hijab requirements are also troubling.   In Pakistan, the authorities have used excessive lethal force and arbitrary detention to quell protests. The recent protests in India showed the best response is dialogue with youth leaders, not the excessive use of force. In Nicaragua, the authorities have closed down opposition political parties. In the Russian Federation, the authorities have continued to suppress the opposition, and bar parties from participating in elections. Restrictions on civic space and media freedom are deepening, from Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Russian Federation to Tunisia and Uganda.   I deplore the prohibition of demonstrations across Afghanistan by the de facto authorities. Digital surveillance is becoming an increasingly powerful tool of repression in several countries, including Angola, Myanmar, and Serbia. Ahead of elections in Bosnia, I urge political leaders to counter hate speech and discrimination, and to end the glorification of war criminals.   In Venezuela, all arbitrarily detained people need to be released, and my team granted immediate access to all places of detention. I welcome Mexico’s adoption of a protocol to investigate crimes committed against human rights defenders.   A tide of systemic discrimination is sweeping around the world. Across regions, femicide is an alarming trend. In recent weeks, for example, seven women were reportedly killed by current or former partners in Italy, and nine women were reportedly killed in Cameroon. Huge data gaps make this crime particularly difficult to track.   Legislation and prosecution are crucial, but we also need to address root causes: discrimination, inequality, and gender stereotypes. Studies show higher rates of femicide and other violence against women are linked to broader social tensions and an increased likelihood of violent conflict.   In Libya, I hope the new political agreement will create the momentum to adopt the law on violence against women, which has been pending for years. I again call on the de facto authorities in Afghanistan to rescind their appalling decrees and policies effectively criminalizing the presence of women and girls in public life. Their system of severe discrimination and oppression, now in its sixth year, is nothing short of gender-based apartheid.   Racism is one of society’s deepest ills. Hard-won gains for people of African descent are deliberately being undermined in some countries, including cuts to anti-discrimination programmes and attempts to distort history.   Politicians, traditional and social media amplify isolated incidents to portray migrants, refugees, Muslims, marginalised racial and ethnic groups, and minorities as a collective threat. In some countries, such depictions have led to attacks against entire communities.   I urge the United States to halt the return of people to places where they could suffer irreparable harm, including Haiti, and to ensure due process for all removals to third countries. Four more people have died in US immigration custody since my last update to this Council, for a total of 23 deaths in 2026 alone. There needs to be accountability for these deaths. I am concerned that plans to equip immigration agents with electric shock gloves will increase the violence associated with their operations.   In China, tightening restrictions on the rights of the Tibetan people, including their freedom of religion, are deeply troubling. I appeal for an urgent U-turn on these policies.   But in some places where human rights are under serious strain, people are demonstrating their agency and power by marching, documenting abuses, lobbying parliamentarians and building solidarity networks.   In South Africa, civil society pressure contributed to gender-based violence and femicide being declared a national disaster in November 2025. These are acts of humanity, and I commend them.   Our action in the years ahead will be inspired by these movements, which leverage human rights to navigate between extremes. At the local and national level, this means working closely with marginalized communities. We will stand in solidarity with them, elevate their voices, and support their efforts.   We will also increase our outreach to excluded or marginalised groups, including Indigenous Peoples, people of African descent, LGBTIQ+ people, religious minorities, stateless and undocumented people, the unhoused, street children, migrants, and refugees. Because standing up for each other is what human rights are for.   We will strengthen our work with governments on justice systems, including incarceration practices. Prisons are too often used as a dumping ground for people who don’t fit in, and a substitute for addressing the root causes of social problems. They may also become hotbeds of radicalization and extremism.   I remain deeply concerned by the situation in China’s Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, including in detention facilities. I again urge the authorities to review national security and counter-terrorism legislation, strengthen the protection of minorities, and investigate allegations of human rights violations, including torture. I call on them to follow up on the recommendations made by my Office and UN human rights mechanisms. I also encourage full implementation of the national action plan for human rights, which is welcome.   We will strengthen our efforts around the world to end use of the death penalty, which overwhelmingly targets minorities, people living in poverty, and dissenting voices. We will continue to call out the sharp rise in executions in a small number of States.   We will build on our work with governments to address militarized approaches to security and law enforcement that are deeply counterproductive. I know many of you are uncomfortable with what is done in the name of protecting national security.   In Bangladesh, we have been calling for a strengthened and independent national institution that has oversight of security forces. We will continue our work with governments around the world, including in Central Asia, to advance inclusive social and economic policies that deliver for everyone.   At the global level, we will be relentless in working to strengthen international law and the human rights ecosystem that benefits us all. It’s clear that some powers want to destroy all efforts at multilateral cooperation and replace them with transactional deal-making. They are undermining global cooperation on climate, on health, on women’s reproductive rights, and beyond.   If you want to know where this leads, look at the Ebola outbreak in the DRC. The weakening of global health systems and reduced funding has made it worse, and it continues to pose a threat across borders.   Universality is a plank of accountability. Equal standards for all are essential. That is the basis of our tried and tested methodology to monitor and report on human rights violations and abuses – and our engagement with all countries.   What drives us is the belief that human rights will help the people of all our societies to realise their hopes and aspirations, in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which affirmed that everyone, everywhere is born free and equal in dignity and rights.   This means holding up a mirror to those in power, challenging the status quo, and pushing the boundaries. Robust debate, critical thinking, differences and disagreements are part of the age-old struggle for human rights. The only way to advance is through honest discussion, genuine engagement and working together.   We will always talk to everyone. And we will never give up on anyone. Human rights are carriers of hope. They are a compass in turbulent times, and they offer concrete solutions to our challenges".   http://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2026/09/high-commissioner-turk-updates-human-rights-council-human-rights http://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session63/list-reports http://www.icj.org/un-human-rights-council-once-again-navigates-troubled-waters-to-protect-human-rights-in-crisis-situations-despite-global-setbacks/ http://www.globalr2p.org/publications/un-human-rights-council-elections-for-2027-2029-and-the-responsibility-to-protect/
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