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	340 million people face acute levels of food insecurity by World Food Programme (WFP), agencies   May 2025   Hunger in the 21st century is indefensible. We cannot respond to empty stomachs with empty hands and turned backs   Acute food insecurity and malnutrition rise for sixth consecutive year in world's most fragile regions - Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC)   Acute food insecurity and child malnutrition rose for the sixth consecutive year in 2024, pushing hundreds of millions of people to the brink, in some of the world’s most vulnerable regions, according to the Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC).   The report shows conflict, economic shocks, climate extremes, and forced displacement continued to drive food insecurity and malnutrition around the world, with catastrophic impacts on many already fragile regions.   In 2024, more than 295 million people across 53 countries and territories experienced acute levels of hunger. Of great concern is the worsening prevalence of acute food insecurity, which now stands at 22.6 percent of the population assessed. This marks the fifth consecutive year in which this figure has remained above 20 percent.   The number of people facing catastrophic hunger (IPC/CH Phase 5) more than doubled to the highest on record since the GRFC began tracking in 2016.   Malnutrition, particularly among children, reached extremely high levels, including in the Gaza Strip, Mali, Sudan, and Yemen. Nearly 38 million children under five were acutely malnourished across 26 nutrition crises.   The report highlights a sharp increase in hunger driven by forced displacement, with nearly 95 million forcibly displaced people — including internally displaced persons (IDPs), asylum seekers and refugees — living in countries facing food crises such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Colombia, Sudan, and Syria, out of a global total of 128 million forcibly displaced people.   Conflict remained the top driver of acute food insecurity, affecting around 140 million people in 20 countries and territories. Famine has been confirmed in Sudan, while other hotspots with people experiencing Catastrophic levels of acute food insecurity include the Gaza Strip, South Sudan, Haiti, and Mali.   Economic shocks including inflation and currency devaluation, drove hunger in 15 countries affecting 59.4 million people. Some of the largest and most protracted food crises were largely driven by economic shocks, including in Afghanistan, South Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen.   Weather extremes particularly El Nino-induced droughts and floods, pushed 18 countries into food crises affecting over 96 million people, with significant impacts in Southern Africa, Southern Asia and the Horn of Africa.   Antonio Guterres, UN Secretary-General:   "This Global Report on Food Crises is another unflinching indictment of a world dangerously off course.   Hunger is not an emergency confined to certain pockets of the world or periods of time. It is fast becoming a scar etched into the lives of tens of millions of people around the world. Fueled by conflict, geopolitical tensions, climate chaos, environmental vulnerabilities, and economic upheaval, food and nutrition crises define the lives of millions– not for weeks or months, but for years.   As detailed in this report, more than 295 million people faced acute hunger last year, the sixth consecutive annual increase. From Gaza and Sudan, to Yemen and Mali, catastrophic hunger driven by conflict and other factors is hitting record highs, pushing households to the edge of starvation.   Displacement has also surged, as violence and disasters rip families from their homes and condemn people of all ages to malnutrition and even death. Meanwhile climate extremes are growing in intensity – wreaking havoc on global food security, crippling harvests, and breaking supply chains.   The message is stark. Hunger and malnutrition are spreading faster than we are responding. The dramatic reduction in lifesaving humanitarian funding to respond to these needs is unacceptable. This is more than a failure of systems – it is a failure of humanity. Hunger in the 21st century is indefensible. We cannot respond to empty stomachs with empty hands and turned backs.   Governments, businesses and decision-makers must heed the clear warnings issued in this report. We must summon the funding and global solidarity to build the food-secure future that every person, everywhere, needs and deserves".   Catherine Russell, Executive Director, UNICEF:   “In a world of plenty, there is no excuse for children to go hungry or die of malnutrition. Hunger gnaws at the stomach of a child. It gnaws, too, at their dignity, their sense of safety, and their future. How can we continue to stand by when there is more than enough food to feed every hungry child in the world?   How can we ignore what is happening in front of our eyes? Millions of children’s lives hang in the balance as funding is slashed to critical nutrition services.”   Cindy McCain, Executive Director, World Food Programme:   “Like every other humanitarian organization, the World Food Programme is facing deep budget shortfalls which have forced drastic cuts to our food assistance programs. Millions of hungry people have lost, or will soon lose, the critical lifeline we provide. We have tried and tested solutions to hunger and food insecurity. But we need the support of our donors and partners to implement them.”   QU Dongyu, Director-General, FAO:   "Acute food insecurity is not just a crisis – it is a constant reality for millions of people, many who live in rural areas. Supporting rural communities – especially smallholder farmers – is central to greater food security. Investing in local food systems and nutrition services to address vulnerabilities and build resilience to shocks – especially in crisis-prone regions where 70 percent of rural households rely on agriculture for sustenance and livelihood is essential. It is a cost-effective solution to deliver significant long-lasting impact".   Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, UNHCR:   “People who have been displaced show remarkable strength, but resilience alone can't end hunger. As food insecurity worsens and humanitarian crises become more prolonged, we need to shift from emergency aid to sustainable responses. That means creating real opportunities — access to land, livelihoods, markets and services — so people can feed themselves and their families, not just today, but well into the future.”   The report identified 36 countries and territories which have had prolonged food crises, with 80 per cent of their inhabitants facing high levels of food insecurity every year since 2016.   The report notes that worldwide food insecurity is the result of multiple, intertwined factors. “No region is immune, with crises overlapping and interacting, eroding decades of development gains and leaving people unable to recover,” the report states.   * In an indictment on the global failure of Governments and the private sector to respond, funding shortages are projected to further exacerbate food insecurity with funding for food-based humanitarian services and child nutrition programs expected to drop by 45 percent during 2025.   http://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2025/ http://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2025/#download http://www.wfp.org/news/acute-food-insecurity-and-malnutrition-rise-sixth-consecutive-year-worlds-most-fragile-regions http://news.un.org/en/story/2025/05/1163321   Jan. 2025   The World Food Programme (WFP) calls for $16.9 billion to address the escalating global hunger crisis – or roughly what the world spends on coffee in just two weeks.   The call follows the release of the agency’s Global Outlook 2025, which assesses global food security needs.   According to WFP, hunger continues to rise, with 343 million people across 74 countries experiencing acute food insecurity – a 10 per cent increase from last year.   This includes 1.9 million people who are on the brink of famine, with catastrophic hunger recorded in regions such as Gaza, Sudan, South Sudan, Haiti, and Mali.   Cindy McCain, WFP’s Executive Director, described the gravity of the situation: “Global humanitarian needs are rising, fuelled by devastating conflicts, more frequent climate disasters, and extensive economic turmoil. Yet funding is failing to keep pace.”   Funding shortfalls in 2024 forced WFP to scale back activities, leaving some of the most vulnerable behind.   In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 170 million people face acute hunger, making the continent the focus of half of WFP’s funding needs for 2025.   Conflict in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Sahel, combined with climate extremes exacerbated by El Nino, has deepened the crisis.   Humanitarian operations are under significant strain, with rising displacement and reduced access to essential resources creating further challenges.   The Middle East is witnessing alarming levels of food insecurity, with Gaza, Syria, and Yemen among the hardest-hit regions.   In Gaza, 91 per cent of the population is acutely food insecure, and 16 per cent are living under catastrophic conditions. Syria and Yemen face similar challenges, with millions dependent on food assistance amid ongoing conflict.   In Asia and the Pacific, 88 million people are struggling with hunger caused by climate-related disasters. The region’s vulnerabilities have been compounded by extreme weather events, which have disrupted food systems and livelihoods.   WFP plans to enhance social protection systems and anticipatory action to mitigate the effects of these crises.   Latin America and the Caribbean are also severely affected, with over 40 million people food insecure and 14.2 million identified as needing immediate assistance.   WFP’s focus in the region includes strengthening food systems, building climate resilience, and supporting social protection programmes to stabilise vulnerable communities and prevent further deterioration.   The $16.9 billion funding appeal would allow the organization to feed 123 million of the hungriest people globally in 2025.   “We urgently need financial support from the international community to help the most vulnerable communities meet their most basic food security needs,” Ms. McCain emphasised.   http://www.wfp.org/publications/wfp-2025-global-outlook   Nov. 2024   Acute food insecurity is set to increase in both magnitude and severity across 22 countries and territories, according to a new United Nations report.   The report warns that the spread of conflict, particularly in the Middle East – coupled with climate and economic stressors - is pushing millions of people to the brink.   The report spotlights the regional fallout from the crisis in Gaza which has seen Lebanon engulfed in conflict and warns that the La Nina weather pattern could impact climates through March 2025, threatening fragile food systems in already vulnerable regions.   The report draws attention to famine in the Zamzam camp in North Darfur and famine risk in other areas of Sudan, the enduring risk of famine in Palestine (Gaza Strip) and the catastrophic levels of acute food insecurity in Haiti, Mali and South Sudan.   It warns that without immediate humanitarian action and concerted efforts to overcome severe access constraints and resolve ongoing conflicts, further starvation and death are likely.   ‘Hunger Hotspots – FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity’, issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), calls for urgent humanitarian action to save lives and livelihoods and prevent starvation and death in hotspots where acute hunger is at high risk of worsening between November 2024 and May 2025.   In total, 22 countries/territories are classified as “hunger hotspots”, where high levels of acute food insecurity are expected to further deteriorate due to the combination of conflict, economic instability, and climate shocks during the outlook period.   Without immediate intervention, including increased funding for food and livelihoods assistance, hundreds of thousands more people are expected to face starvation in the coming months.   “The situation in the five hunger hotspots of highest concern is catastrophic. People are experiencing an extreme lack of food and face unprecedented enduring starvation fuelled by escalating conflicts, climate crises and economic shocks. If we are to save lives and prevent acute hunger and malnutrition, we urgently need a humanitarian ceasefire, and to restore access to and availability of highly nutritious food, including reactivating local food production.   But this alone is not enough; we need longer-term stability and food security. Peace is a pre-requisite for food security. Without peace and stability, farmers cannot grow food, harvest or sustain their livelihoods. Access to nutritious food is not just a basic need – it is a fundamental human right,” said QU Dongyu, FAO Director-General.   “Worldwide, conflicts are escalating, economic instability is rising, and climate disasters are becoming the new norm. With more effective political and financial support, humanitarians can and will continue to implement proven solutions to address hunger and reduce needs over the long term,” said Cindy McCain, WFP Executive Director.   “It’s time for world leaders to step up and work with us to reach the millions of people at risk of starvation – delivering diplomatic solutions to conflicts, using their influence to enable humanitarians to work safely, and mobilizing the funding resources needed to address global hunger,” Director McCain added.   The effects of the La Nina weather pattern, anticipated to impact global climates from November 2024 through March 2025, are expected to further exacerbate a number of the food crises. The La Nina weather pattern is likely to cause devastating floods in countries such as Nigeria and South Sudan, while contributing to excessive dry conditions in Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia. These extreme weather events threaten already fragile food systems, putting millions of people at risk of rising hunger.   The report stresses that early action is essential to prevent the further deterioration of the crisis and avert mass hunger-related mortality.   The Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Food Programme are urging world leaders to prioritize conflict resolution, economic support, and climate adaptation measures to protect the most vulnerable populations from the brink of famine.   Among the Key Findings   According to the report, Palestine, the Sudan, South Sudan, Haiti and Mali remain at the highest alert level and require the most urgent attention. Conflict is the primary driver of hunger in all these areas. All hotspots of the highest concern have communities already facing or at risk of famine or facing catastrophic conditions of acute food insecurity.   Chad, Lebanon, Myanmar, Mozambique, Nigeria, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen are hotspots of very high concern, with a large number of people facing critical acute food insecurity, coupled with worsening drivers that are expected to further intensify life-threatening conditions in the coming months.   Since the previous edition of the Hunger Hotspots report (June 2024), Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia and Niger have joined the list of hunger hotspots, alongside Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Somalia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, where acute food insecurity is likely to deteriorate further during the outlook period.   http://www.fightfoodcrises.net/articles/hunger-hotspots-conflict-induced-famine-and-catastrophic-hunger-5-major-hotspots-alongside http://www.fightfoodcrises.net/hunger-hotspots http://www.wfp.org/news/new-un-report-warns-conflict-induced-famine-and-catastrophic-hunger-5-major-hotspots-alongside http://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/report-warns-of-conflict-induced-famine-and-catastrophic-hunger/en http://www.ipcinfo.org/ http://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/hunger-hotspots-fao-wfp-early-warnings-acute-food-insecurity-november-2024-may-2025-outlook   Sep. 2024   Global Report on Food Crises 2024 Mid-Year Update   In the Sudan, Famine (IPC Phase 5) is ongoing in the Zamzam Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) site near El Fasher, North Darfur, and is expected to persist through October 2024. Many other areas throughout the country are at risk of Famine but insufficient data inhibited analysis for many hard-to-reach areas.   In total, 25.6 million people in the Sudan are estimated to face high levels of acute food insecurity during the June–September lean season – a 26 percent increase since the same period in 2023. The conflict has also had severe implications for regional food and nutrition security, with more than 2 million people forced to flee to neighbouring countries, mainly to major food-crisis countries including Chad and South Sudan.   The Gaza Strip (Palestine) remains the most severe food crisis in the history of the Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC), with all 2.2 million residents still in urgent need of food and livelihood assistance between March and April 2024. The severity of the crisis has intensified, with half of the population in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) during this period, up from a quarter in December 2023–February 2024. Although this was projected to decrease to 22 percent in June–September 2024 and available evidence did not indicate Famine (IPC Phase 5), the risk of Famine persists.   Shocks, such as intensifying conflict, El Nino-induced drought and high domestic food prices drove worsening food crises in 18 countries by mid-2024. Nigeria, the Sudan, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Chad and Yemen all had at least 1 million more people facing high levels of acute food insecurity than during the 2023 peak.   Forced displacement of people in food-crisis countries/territories continues to increase, with alarming numbers of people in the Gaza Strip and the Sudan exposed to very high levels of acute food insecurity and malnutrition.   Acute malnutrition among children and women in food-crisis countries/territories is persistently high, especially in conflict-affected areas. The lack of affordability of a healthy diet is becoming an increasingly important driver.   Of the 14 countries without 2024 data, the Syrian Arab Republic was flagged by the latest FAO-WFP Hunger Hotspots report as being of very high concern between June and October of 2024.   Somewhat better harvests led to some marginal improvements in food security in several countries. Afghanistan, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala and Lebanon all had at least 1 million fewer people facing high levels of acute food insecurity since the 2023 peak, but they remain major food crises.   The global report highlights a concerning increase of child wasting, with critical levels in eight countries: Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Haiti, Sudan, Syria, Uganda, and Yemen.   http://www.fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2024-mid-year-update http://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-director-child-nutrition-and-development-victor-aguayos-remarks-global-report http://www.wfp.org/publications/hunger-hotspots-fao-wfp-early-warnings-acute-food-insecurity http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/resources/countries-in-focus/en/ http://www.ipcinfo.org/
	Continuing with current climate policies will lead to 3.1°C of calamitous global warming by UN News, WMO, UN Environment Programme, agencies   Greenhouse gases surge to new highs. (WMO)   Greenhouse gas levels surged to a new record, committing the planet to rising temperatures for many years to come, according to a report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is accumulating in the atmosphere faster than any time experienced during human existence, rising by more than 10% in just two decades.   The globally-averaged surface concentration of CO2 reached 420.0 parts per million (ppm), methane 1 934 parts per billion and nitrous oxide 336.9 parts per billion (ppb) in 2023. These values are 151%, 265% and 125% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels, it said. These are calculated on the basis of the long-term observations within the Global Atmosphere Watch network of monitoring stations.   “Another year. Another record. This should set alarm bells ringing among decision makers. We are clearly off track to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and aiming for 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. These are more than just statistics. Every part per million and every fraction of a degree temperature increase has a real impact on our lives and our planet,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.   “The Bulletin warns that we face a potential vicious cycle. Natural climate variability plays a big role in carbon cycle. But in the near future, climate change itself could cause ecosystems to become larger sources of greenhouse gases. Wildfires could release more carbon emissions into the atmosphere, whilst the warmer ocean might absorb less CO2. Consequently, more CO2 could stay in the atmosphere to accelerate global warming. These climate feedbacks are critical concerns to human society,” said WMO Deputy Secretary-General Ko Barrett.   From 1990 to 2023, radiative forcing – the warming effect on our climate - by long-lived greenhouse gases increased by 51.5%, with CO2 accounting for about 81% of this increase, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Annual Greenhouse Gas Index cited in the WMO Bulletin.   As long as emissions continue, greenhouse gases will continue accumulating in the atmosphere leading to global temperature rise. Given the extremely long life of CO2 in the atmosphere, the temperature level already observed will persist for several decades even if emissions are rapidly reduced to net zero.   The last time the Earth experienced a comparable concentration of CO2 was 3-5 million years ago, when the temperature was 2-3°C warmer and sea level was 10-20 meters higher than now..   http://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159846 http://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-january-2025-was-warmest-record-globally-despite-emerging-la-nina http://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial-level http://wmo.int/media/news/climate-change-impacts-grip-globe-2024 http://wmo.int/media/news/record-carbon-emissions-highlight-urgency-of-global-greenhouse-gas-watch   Oct. 2024   UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell on the release of the 2024 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Synthesis Report. The report assesses the combined impact of nations’ current national climate plans (NDCs) on expected global emissions in 2030, among other measures:   "Today’s NDC Synthesis Report must be a turning point, ending the era of inadequacy and sparking a new age of acceleration, with much bolder new national climate plans from every country due next year.   The report’s findings are stark but not surprising – current national climate plans fall miles short of what’s needed to stop global heating from crippling every economy, and wrecking billions of lives and livelihoods across every country.   By contrast, much bolder new national climate plans can not only avert climate chaos – done well, they can be transformational for people and prosperity in every nation.   Bolder new climate plans are vital to drive stronger investment, economic growth and opportunity, more jobs, less pollution, better health and lower costs, more secure and affordable clean energy, among many others benefits.   As expected, with countries currently working to put together new NDCs due next year, this year’s report shows only fractional progress compared to what is expected – and urgently needed – next year.   Current plans combined – if fully implemented – would see emissions of 51.5 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2030 - a level only 2.6 per cent lower than in 2019. Greenhouse gas pollution at these levels will guarantee a human and economic trainwreck for every country, without exception.   The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change notes that greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut 43% by 2030, compared to 2019 levels. By 2035, net global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut by 60% compared to 2019 levels. This is critical to limiting global heating to 1.5°C this century to avert the worst climate impacts. Every fraction of a degree matters, as climate disasters get rapidly worse"..   Oct. 2024   Continuing with current climate policies will lead to 3.1°C of calamitous global warming. (UNEP)   Nations must collectively commit to cutting 42 per cent off annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 57 per cent by 2035 in the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – and back this up with rapid action – or the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal will be gone within a few years, according to a new UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report.   Updated NDCs are to be submitted early next year ahead of the COP30 climate talks in Brazil. UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report 2024: No more hot air … please! finds that a failure to increase ambition in these new NDCs and start delivering immediately would put the world on course for a temperature increase of 2.6-3.1°C over the course of this century. This would bring debilitating impacts to people, planet and economies.   The 2.6°C scenario is based on the full implementation of current unconditional and conditional NDCs. Implementing only current unconditional NDCs would lead to 2.8°C of warming.   Continuing with current policies only would lead to 3.1°C of warming. Under these scenarios – which all operate on a probability of over 66 per cent – temperatures would continue to rise into the next century.   Adding additional net-zero pledges to full implementation of unconditional and conditional NDCs could limit global warming to 1.9°C, but there is currently low confidence in the implementation of these net-zero pledges.   “The emissions gap is not an abstract notion,” said António Guterres, UN Secretary-General, in a video message on the report. “There is a direct link between increasing emissions and increasingly frequent and intense climate disasters.   Around the world, people are paying a terrible price. Record emissions mean record sea temperatures supercharging monster hurricanes; record heat is turning forests into tinder boxes and cities into saunas; record rains are resulting in biblical floods.   “Today’s Emissions Gap report is clear: we’re playing with fire; but there can be no more playing for time. We’re out of time. Closing the emissions gap means closing the ambition gap, the implementation gap, and the finance gap. Starting at COP29.”   The report also looks at what it would take to get on track to limiting global warming to below 2°C. For this pathway, emissions must fall 28 per cent by 2030 and 37 per cent from 2019 levels by 2035 – the new milestone year to be included in the next NDCs.   “Climate crunch time is here. We need global mobilization on a scale and pace never seen before – starting right now, before the next round of climate pledges – or the 1.5°C goal will soon be dead and well below 2°C will take its place in the intensive care unit,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP.   “I urge every nation: no more hot air, please. Use the upcoming COP29 talks in Baku, Azerbaijan, to increase action now, set the stage for stronger NDCs, and then go all-out to get on a 1.5°C pathway.   “Even if the world overshoots 1.5°C – and the chances of this happening are increasing every day – we must keep striving for a net-zero, sustainable and prosperous world. Every fraction of a degree avoided counts in terms of lives saved, economies protected, damages avoided, biodiversity conserved and the ability to rapidly bring down any temperature overshoot.”   The consequences of delayed action are also highlighted by the report. The cuts required are relative to 2019 levels, but greenhouse gas emissions have since grown to a record high of 57.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2023. While this makes a marginal difference to the overall cuts required from 2019-2030, the delay in action means that 7.5 per cent must be shaved off emissions every year until 2035 for 1.5°C, and 4 per cent for 2°C. The size of the annual cuts required will increase with every year’s delay.   1.5°C still technically possible, but massive effort needed   The report shows that there is technical potential for emissions cuts in 2030 up to 31 gigatons of CO2 equivalent – which is around 52 per cent of emissions in 2023 – and 41 gigatons in 2035. This would bridge the gap to 1.5°C in both years, at a cost below US$200 per ton of CO2 equivalent.   Increased deployment of solar photovoltaic technologies and wind energy could deliver 27 per cent of the total reduction potential in 2030 and 38 per cent in 2035. Action on forests could deliver around 20 per cent of the potential in both years. Other strong options include efficiency measures, electrification and fuel switching in the buildings, transport and industry sectors.   This potential illustrates it is possible to meet the COP28 targets of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030, transitioning away from fossil fuels, and conserving, protecting and restoring nature and ecosystems.   However, delivering on even some of this potential will require unprecedented international mobilization and a whole-of-government approach, focusing on measures that maximize socioeconomic and environmental co-benefits and minimize trade-offs.   A minimum six-fold increase in mitigation investment is needed for net-zero – backed by reform of the global financial architecture, strong private sector action and international cooperation. This is affordable: the estimated incremental investment for net-zero is US$0.9-2.1 trillion per year from 2021 to 2050 – investments that would bring returns in avoided costs from climate change, air pollution, damage to nature and human health impacts. For context, the global economy and financial markets are worth US$110 trillion per year.   The G20 members, responsible for the bulk of total emissions, must do the heavy lifting. However, this group is still off track to meet even current NDCs. The largest-emitting members will need to take the lead by dramatically increasing action and ambition now and in the new pledges.   G20 members, minus the African Union, accounted for 77 per cent of emissions in 2023. The addition of the African Union as a permanent G20 member, which more than doubles the number of countries represented from 44 to 99, brings the share up by only 5 per cent to 82 per cent – highlighting the need for differentiated responsibilities between nations.   Stronger international support and enhanced climate finance will be essential to ensure that climate and development goals can be realized fairly across G20 members and globally.   The report also lays out how to ensure the updated NDCs are well-designed, specific and transparent so they can meet any new targets put in place. NDCs must include all gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol, cover all sectors, set specific targets, be explicit about conditional and unconditional elements and provide transparency around how the submission reflects a fair share of effort and the highest possible ambition.   They must also detail how national sustainable development goals can be achieved at the same time as efforts to reduce emissions, and include detailed implementation plans with mechanisms for review and accountability.   For emerging market and developing economies, NDCs should include details on the international support and finance they need.   http://unfccc.int/news/new-un-climate-change-report-shows-national-climate-plans-fall-miles-short-of-what-s-needed http://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-2024-virtually-certain-be-warmest-year-and-first-year-above-15degc http://wmo.int/news/media-centre/greenhouse-gas-concentrations-surge-again-new-record-2023 http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/nations-must-close-huge-emissions-gap-new-climate-pledges-and http://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024 http://www.carbonbrief.org/unep-new-climate-pledges-need-quantum-leap-in-ambition-to-deliver-paris-goals/ http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/huge-uplift-needed-climate-adaptation-starting-finance-commitment http://insideclimatenews.org/news/28102024/cop29-climate-reports-greenhouse-gas-emissions   PIK Assessment on COP29 closing:   Johan Rockstrom, Earth system scientist and Co-Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK):   “The Baku agreement of raising 300 billion dollars of public money annually from multiple sources by 2035 fails on several accounts. Too little, too late, from too many sources. Global emissions must be reduced by 7.5 percent per year to avoid unmanageable global outcomes as the world breaches the 1.5°C limit. Starting by taking off 3 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2025. We cannot wait for public climate finance another ten years, by which time loss-and-damage costs will have gone through the roof. Our only chance is full focus on financing and implementing emission cuts now. Furthermore, to solve the climate crisis we need to redirect the entire global economy away from fossil-fuel based growth".   Ottmar Edenhofer, climate economist and Co-Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research:   “The climate summit in Baku was not a success, but at best the avoidance of a diplomatic disaster. It is now abundantly clear that we need additional negotiation formats for the global fight against the climate crisis. It is now important to link climate financing for the Global South, which was the main topic of discussion in Baku, to emissions reduction. Donor states in the wealthy North should mobilise the funds by pricing oil, coal and gas. Second, the money should ideally only flow if the recipient country demonstrably reduces their greenhouse gas emissions".   http://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/at-best-the-avoidance-of-a-diplomatic-disaster-pik-assessment-on-cop29-closing http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/24/cop29-climate-finance-deal-criticised-travesty-justice-stage-managed http://climatenetwork.org/2024/11/23/cop29_betrayal_in_baku/ http://www.carbonbrief.org/cop29-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-baku/ http://www.carbonbrief.org/webinar-carbon-brief-journalists-discuss-cop29s-key-outcomes/ http://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/25/lack-progress-cop29-puts-rights-risk http://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2024-11-23/un-secretary-general-statement-cop29   http://climatenetwork.org/resource/cop29-annual-policy-document-achieving-fair-climate-finance-to-deliver-resilience-ambition-and-a-just-transition/ http://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/07/cop29-climate-action-crucial-protect-rights http://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/11/cop29-leaders-must-commit-fair-climate-financing-phasing-out-fossil-fuels/ http://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/11/africa-richer-countries-must-commit-to-pay-at-cop29-as-climate-change-forcibly-displaces-millions-across-africa http://fossilfueltreaty.org/g20-2024-reactive http://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/25-of-35-planetary-vital-signs-at-record-extremes-2024-state-of-the-climate-report   http://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2024-11-12/secretary-generals-remarks-world-leaders-climate-action-summit-cop29-delivered http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/09/global-boiling-mass-flooding-and-trump-10-big-talking-points-for-cop29 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/08/antonio-guterres-cop29-climate-breakdown-tipping-points-fossil-fuels-finance-aoe http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/09/ban-ki-moon-cop29-climate-crisis-hurricanes-heatwaves-flooding http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/15/coal-oil-and-gas-lobbyists-granted-access-to-cop29-says-report http://www.ciel.org/news/ccs-presence-cop29/ http://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Confronting-the-Myth-of-Carbon-Free-Fossil-Fuels.pdf   http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2024/10/24/what-ncqg-cop29-climate-crisis-answer-everything http://zcralliance.org/resources/item/making-climate-finance-work-for-all-five-tests-for-a-robust-new-collective-quantified-goal-ncqg/ http://cvfv20.org/v20-finance-ministers-call-for-shift-from-austerity-to-prosperity-growth-guided-climate-and-development-investments http://interagencystandingcommittee.org/deputies-group/iasc-top-line-messaging-climate-crisis-cop29 http://www.unocha.org/news/cop29-we-cannot-afford-wait-any-longer http://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-report-reveals-climate-change-growing-threat-people-already-fleeing-war http://reliefweb.int/report/world/human-face-climate-change-addressing-malnutrition-crisis-opportunities-action-cop29 http://www.actionagainsthunger.org/publications/opportunities-for-action-at-cop29/   http://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-who-wants-what-at-the-cop29-climate-change-summit/ http://www.ciel.org/cop-29-finance/ http://www.wri.org/insights/cop29-climate-summit-what-to-expect http://www.iisd.org/articles/press-release/g20-spending-three-times-fossil-fuels-renewables http://www.iisd.org/articles/press-release/carbon-minefields-oil-gas-exploration-surge-despite-cop-28-pact http://www.iisd.org/articles/press-release/next-generation-national-climate-plans-must-phase-out-fossil-fuels http://taxjustice.net/2024/09/11/how-greenlaundering-conceals-the-full-scale-of-fossil-fuel-financing/ http://www.transparency.org/en/blog/why-climate-action-requires-end-to-corruption-undue-influence-cop29 http://www.clubofrome.org/cop-reform-2024/   http://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2024/11/baku-climate-talks-must-be-turning-point-our-burning-planet-turk http://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/10/remediation-loss-and-damage-essential-ensure-climate-justice-and-realise http://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session57/advance-versions/A-HRC-57-30-AEV.pdf http://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/in-focus/centring-gender-equality-at-2024-conferences-on-biodiversity-climate-change-and-desertification   http://www.developmentpathways.co.uk/blog/social-protection-is-a-prerequisite-for-climate-justice/ http://www.socialprotectionfloorscoalition.org/2024/05/policy-brief-social-protection-for-climate-justice-why-and-how/ http://www.ilo.org/publications/flagship-reports/world-social-protection-report-2024-26-universal-social-protection-climate http://www.climatecentre.org/wp-content/uploads/RCCC-SP-CC-policy-coherence-Brief-V4.pdf http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/blog/opds-advocate-disability-representation-global-climate-policies http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/blog/integrating-disability-rights-climate-action-%E2%80%93-now   http://climateandhealthalliance.org/press-releases/cop29-governments-must-commit-trillions-in-climate-finance-to-protect-peoples-health/ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/oct/health-threats-climate-change-reach-record-breaking-levels http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01822-1/ http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ior40/8370/2024/en/ http://www.lossanddamagecollaboration.org/loss-and-damage-at-cop29 http://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-gas/time-pay-make-big-oil-fund-climate-loss-and-damage/ http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/71322/tax-big-oil-grow-un-climate-loss-damage-fund-2000-analysis/ http://gi-escr.org/en/our-work/on-the-ground/statement-on-the-impact-on-loss-and-damage-from-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change-on-the-full-enjoyment-of-human-rights http://www.iied.org/worlds-least-developed-countries-spend-twice-much-servicing-debts-they-receive-climate-finance   http://www.unicef.org/blog/urgent-need-child-centred-loss-and-damage-fund http://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/loss-and-damage-finance-children http://www.endchildhoodpoverty.org/publications-feed/climatechange http://www.socialprotectionfloorscoalition.org/2024/05/policy-brief-social-protection-for-climate-justice-why-and-how/ http://www.mercycorps.org/press-room/releases/mercy-corps-cop29-statement http://www.oilchange.org/publications/road-to-cop29-shifting-and-unlocking-public-finance-for-a-fair-fossil-fuel-phase-out/ http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/taxing-fossil-fuel-giants-could-raise-720-bn-by-2030-to-help-worlds-poorest-with-climate-damages-new-report-finds/ http://tinyurl.com/3bbbhj29 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/29/taxing-big-fossil-fuel-firms-raise-billions-climate-finance   http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/news/new-report-recommends-cop29-negotiations-on-climate-finance-should-focus-on-mobilising-1-trillion-per-year-for-developing-countries-by-2030/ http://globalsolidaritylevies.org/cop29-global-solidarity-levies-task-force-progress-report-unveils-options-for-solidarity-levies/ http://www.ipsnews.net/2024/11/explainer-taxes-on-cryptocurrencies-and-plastics-to-boost-climate-finance/ http://www.ipsnews.net/news/environment/ http://www.ipcc.ch/reports   Aug. 2024   Almost half a billion children live in areas experiencing at least twice as many extremely hot days as their grandparents - UNICEF   One in 5 children – or 466 million – live in areas that experience at least double the number of extremely hot days every year compared to just six decades ago, according to a new UNICEF analysis.   Using a comparison between a 1960s and a 2020-2024 average, the analysis issues a stark warning about the speed and scale at which extremely hot days – measured as more than 35 degrees Celsius / 95 degrees Fahrenheit – are increasing for almost half a billion children worldwide, many without the infrastructure or services to endure it.   “The hottest summer days now seem normal,” said UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell. “Extreme heat is increasing, disrupting children’s health, well-being and daily routines.”   The analysis also examines country-level data and finds that in 16 countries, children now experience more than a month of additional extremely hot days compared to six decades ago. In South Sudan, for example, children are living through a yearly average of 165 extremely hot days this decade compared to 110 days in the 1960s, while in Paraguay it has jumped to 71 days from 36.   Globally, children in West and Central Africa face the highest exposure to extremely hot days and the most significant increases over time, according to the analysis. 123 million children – or 39 per cent of children in the region – now experience an average of more than one third of the year – or at least 95 days – in temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, reaching as many as 212 days in Mali, 202 days in Niger, 198 days in Senegal, and 195 days in Sudan. In Latin America and the Caribbean, almost 48 million children live in areas that are experiencing twice the number of extremely hot days.   Heat stress within the body, caused by exposure to extreme heat, poses unique threats to the health and well-being of children and pregnant women, particularly if cooling interventions are not available. It has been linked to pregnancy complications such as gestational chronic diseases and adverse birth outcomes including stillbirth, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Excess levels of heat stress also contribute to child malnutrition, non-communicable diseases such as heat-related illnesses, and leave children more vulnerable to infectious diseases that spread in high temperatures such as malaria and dengue. Evidence shows that it also impacts neurodevelopment, mental health, and well-being.   Extreme heat also has more concerning effects when experienced in longer periods of time. While extreme heat is increasing in every country worldwide, the analysis shows that children are also exposed to more severe, longer, and frequent heatwaves. Across 100 countries, more than half of children are experiencing twice as many heatwaves today as 60 years ago.   In the United States, for example, 36 million children are exposed to double the number of heatwaves compared to 60 years ago, and 5.7 million are exposed to three times as many.   The impact of climate-related hazards on child health is multiplied by how climate-related hazards affect food and water security and contamination, damage infrastructure, disrupt services for children, including education, and drive displacement.   In addition, the severity of these impacts is determined by underlying vulnerabilities and inequities children face based on their socioeconomic status, gender, location, existing health status and country context.   In the coming months, all Member State Parties to the Paris Agreement must submit new national climate plans – Nationally Defined Contributions (NDC 3.0). These plans will set the course of climate action for a decade. They are a timebound opportunity to set out concrete plans to realise the goals of the Paris agreement.   UNICEF is calling on leaders, governments and the private sector to seize this opportunity to deliver urgent and bold climate action which upholds the right of every child to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment.   http://www.unicef.org/press-releases/almost-half-billion-children-live-areas-experiencing-least-twice-many-extremely-hot http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/oct/health-threats-climate-change-reach-record-breaking-levels http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01822-1/abstract http://climate.copernicus.eu/new-record-daily-global-average-temperature-reached-july-2024   Aug. 2024   Unprecedented number of heat records broken around world this year. (Guardian news)   A record 15 national heat records have been broken since the start of this year, an influential climate historian has told the Guardian, as weather extremes grow more frequent and climate breakdown intensifies.   An additional 130 monthly national temperature records have also been broken, along with tens of thousands of local highs registered at monitoring stations from the Arctic to the South Pacific, according to Maximiliano Herrera, who keeps an archive of extreme events.   He said the unprecedented number of records in the first six months was astonishing. “This amount of extreme heat events is beyond anything ever seen or even thought possible before,” he said. “The months from February 2024 to July 2024 have been the most record-breaking for every statistic.”   This is alarming because last year’s extreme heat could be largely attributed to a combination of man-made global heating – caused by burning gas, oil, coal and trees – and a natural El Nino phenomenon, a warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean surface that is associated with higher temperatures in many parts of the world. The El Niño has been fading since February of this year, but this has brought little relief.   “Far from dwindling with the end of El Niño, records are falling at even much faster pace now compared to late 2023,” said Herrera.   New ground is broken every day at a local level. On some days, thousands of monitoring stations set new records of monthly maximums or minimums. The latter is particularly punishing as high night-time temperatures mean people and ecosystems have no time to recover from the relentless heat. In late July, for example, China’s Yueyang region sweltered though an unprecedentedly elevated low of 32C during its dark hours, with dangerously high humidity.   The geographic range of all-time national records is staggering. Mexico tied its peak of 52C at Tepache on 20 June. On the other side of the world, the Australian territory of Cocos Islands tied its all-time high with 32.8C on 7 April for the third time this year.   But the fiercest heat has concentrated on the tropics. On 7 June, Egypt registered a national high of 50.9C at Aswan. Two days before that Chad tied its national record of 48C at Faya. On 1 May, Ghana hit a new peak of 44.6C at Navrong, while Laos entered new heat territory with 43.7C at Tha Ngon. Herrera said the tropics had set records every day for 15 months in a row.   Herrera, a Costa Rican who has been monitoring climate records for 35 years, fills an important gap in global temperature monitoring. Since 2007, international records are archived by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which organises expert panels to scrutinise each one in a time-consuming process. Meanwhile, national and subnational records are updated hourly or daily by a plethora of different organisations. Herrera brings the latter together rapidly, double-checks with local sources, and maintains updates on his Extreme Temperatures Around the World account.   His findings are in line with, and often ahead of, big institutions, all of which are warning of a rapidly heating world.   “Sirens are blaring across all major indicators … Some records aren’t just chart-topping – they’re chart-busting. And changes are speeding up,” the UN secretary general, António Guterres, said of last year’s intense global heat.   The European Union’s leading monitoring agency, the Copernicus Climate Change Service, recently reported that June was the 13th month in a row to set a monthly temperature record, with temperatures 1.5C above the preindustrial average, bringing more intense heatwaves, extreme rainfall events and droughts; reductions in ice sheets, sea ice, and glaciers, as well as accelerated sea-level rise and ocean heating.   The WMO has also reported that at least 10 countries have recorded temperatures above 50C so far this year.   There is no end in sight for unwelcome records, according to Carlo Buontempo, the director of Copernicus: “Even if this specific streak of extremes ends at some point, we are bound to see new records being broken as the climate continues to warm. This is inevitable unless we stop adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the oceans.”   Hopes of a cooling have so far proved elusive. The preliminary data from the Copernicus ERA5 satellite suggests that 22 July was the hottest day in the Earth’s recorded history, with an average global surface air temperature of 17.15C.   Herrera said he hoped extreme weather alerts could prepare the world for what was coming and reduce threats to lives, infrastructure and economies. “It’s during extreme weather that we humans and other species are under stress or at risk, so it’s when we are more potentially vulnerable,” he said.   http://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/aug/14/unprecedented-number-of-heat-records-broken-around-world-this-year http://wmo.int/news/media-centre/un-secretary-general-issues-call-action-extreme-heat-0   25 July 2024   Extreme heat is having an extreme impact on people and planet, by Antonio Guterres - United Nations Secretary-General   This has been a week of unprecedented heat. First, the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service declared Sunday July 21st as the hottest day on record. Then on Monday July 22nd, the mercury climbed even higher.   And now we have just received preliminary data indicating that Tuesday July 23rd was in the same range.   In other words, this past Sunday, Monday and Tuesday were the three hottest days on record. But let’s face facts: extreme temperatures are no longer a one day, one week or one month phenomenon.   If there is one thing that unites our divided world, it’s that we’re all increasingly feeling the heat. Earth is becoming hotter and more dangerous for everyone, everywhere.   Billions of people are facing an extreme heat epidemic - wilting under increasingly deadly heatwaves, with temperatures topping 50 degrees Celsius around the world. That’s 122 degrees Fahrenheit. And halfway to boiling.   This year, we’ve seen a deadly heatwave hit the Sahel – with spiking hospitalisations and deaths. And broken temperature records across the United States – reportedly placing 120 million people under heat advisory warnings. Scorching conditions have killed 1,300 pilgrims during Haj; Shut down tourist attractions in Europe’s sweatbox cities; And closed schools across Asia and Africa – impacting more than 80 million children.   Of course, summer heat is as old as the hills. But the World Meteorological Organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and others have documented a rapid rise in the scale, intensity, frequency and duration of extreme-heat events.   And it comes against a background of ever-rising temperatures – with June officially the 13th consecutive month to break global temperature records.   Extreme heat is increasingly tearing through economies, widening inequalities, undermining the Sustainable Development Goals and killing people. Heat is estimated to kill almost half a million people a year, that’s about 30 times more than tropical cyclones.   We know what is driving it: fossil fuel-charged, human-induced climate change. And we know it’s going to get worse. Extreme heat is the new abnormal.   Today, we are launching a global call to action with four areas of focus.   First, caring for the most vulnerable. Crippling heat is everywhere – but it doesn’t affect everyone equally. Those most at risk when the mercury soars include the urban poor. Pregnant women. People with disabilities. Older people. The very young, the sick, the displaced, and the impoverished – who often live in substandard housing without access to cooling.   For example, heat-related deaths for people over 65 years of age increased around 85 percent in 20 years.   UNICEF tells us that almost 25 per cent of all children today are exposed to frequent heatwaves. By 2050, that could rise to virtually 100 per cent.   And the number of urban poor living in extreme heat could rise 700 per cent. Extreme heat amplifies inequality, inflames food insecurity, and pushes people further into poverty.   It’s also vital to boost protection for the most vulnerable – in line with the Early Warning Systems for All initiative. The World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization estimate that scaling-up heat health-warning systems in 57 countries alone could save almost 100,000 lives a year.   Finance to help safeguard communities from climate chaos is essential. And I urge developed countries to honour their promises, and show how they will close the gaping adaptation finance gap.   We must step up protections for workers. A new report from the International Labour Organization – being released today – warns that over 70 per cent of the global workforce – 2.4 billion people – are now at high risk of extreme heat.   In Asia and the Pacific, three in four workers are now exposed to extreme heat. More than eight out of ten in Arab States, more than nine out of ten in Africa.   Meanwhile, the Europe and Central Asia region has the most rapidly increasing workforce exposure to excessive heat. And the Americas is seeing the most rapidly increasing heat-related occupational injuries.   All of this is having a profound impact on people and the economy. Excessive heat is the cause of almost 23 million workplace injuries worldwide. And as daily temperatures rise above 34°C – or 93.2°F – labour productivity drops by 50%.   Heat stress at work is projected to cost the global economy $2.4 trillion by 2030. Up from $280 billion in the mid-1990s. We need measures to protect workers, grounded in human rights. And we must ensure that laws and regulations reflect the reality of extreme heat today – and are enforced.   Extreme heat impacts almost every area: Infrastructure buckles, crops fail, and pressure piles on water supplies, health systems and electricity grids.   Cities are a particular worry – they are heating up at twice the global average. Countries, cities, and sectors need comprehensive, tailored Heat Action Plans, based on the best science and data. And we need a concerted effort to heatproof critical sectors, and the built environment.   Finally, I want to make one over-arching point. Today, our focus is on the impact of extreme heat. But let’s not forget that there are many other devastating symptoms of the climate crisis: Ever-more fierce hurricanes. Floods. Droughts. Wildfires. Rising sea levels. The list goes on. To tackle all these symptoms, we need to fight the disease.   The disease is the madness of incinerating our only home. The disease is the addiction to fossil fuels. The disease is climate inaction. Leaders across the board must wake up and step up.   That means governments – especially G20 countries – as well as the private sector, cities and regions. They must act as though our future depends on it – because it does.   All countries must deliver by next year nationally determined contributions – or national climate action plans – aligned to limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.   The International Energy Agency has shown that fossil fuel expansion and new coal plants are inconsistent with meeting that limit.   I must call out the flood of fossil fuel expansion we are seeing. In signing such a surge of new oil and gas licenses, they are signing away our future.   The leadership of those with the greatest capabilities and capacities is essential. Countries must phase-out fossil fuels – fast. They must end new coal projects. The G20 must shift fossil fuel subsidies to renewables and support vulnerable countries and communities.   And national climate action plans must show how each country will contribute to the global goals agreed at COP28 to triple the world’s renewables capacity, and end deforestation – by 2030. They must also cut global consumption and production of fossil fuels by at least thirty percent in the same timeframe.   And we need similar 1.5-aligned transition plans from business, the financial sector, cities and regions. Climate action also requires finance action. That includes countries making good on all their climate finance commitments.   The message is clear: Extreme heat is having an extreme impact on people and the planet. The world must rise to the challenge of rising temperatures.   http://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biae087/7808595 http://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/25-of-35-planetary-vital-signs-at-record-extremes-2024-state-of-the-climate-report http://www.iisd.org/articles/press-release/carbon-minefields-oil-gas-exploration-surging-pre-covid-levels http://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/24/new-oil-gas-emission-data-us-uk Visit the related web page
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