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	Over 280 million people in 59 countries experiencing high levels of acute hunger by WFP, FAO, Global Network Against Food Crises   FAO. 2025. Crop Prospects and Food Situation – Triannual Global Report. No. 1, March 2025   The triannual Crop Prospects and Food Situation report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provides a forward-looking global analysis of cereal production, market trends and food security conditions, with a particular attention on low-income food-deficit countries.   FAO assesses that 45 countries, including 33 in Africa, nine in Asia, two in Latin America and the Caribbean, and one in Europe, are in need of external assistance for food. Persisting conflicts and civil insecurity remain the primary drivers of severe acute food insecurity, with populations in the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and the Sudan facing IPC Phase 5 levels of acute food insecurity, according to the latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis:   http://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/0cc5b0f4-12c2-4d28-9ced-e20150d1fdb7/content   Nov. 2024   Acute food insecurity is set to increase in both magnitude and severity across 22 countries and territories, according to a new United Nations report.   The report warns that the spread of conflict, coupled with climate and economic stressors - is pushing millions of people to the brink.   The report spotlights the regional fallout from the crisis in Gaza which has seen Lebanon engulfed in conflict and warns that the La Nina weather pattern could impact climates through March 2025, threatening fragile food systems in already vulnerable regions.   The report draws attention to famine in the Zamzam camp in North Darfur and famine risk in other areas of Sudan, the enduring risk of famine in Palestine (Gaza Strip) and the catastrophic levels of acute food insecurity in Haiti, Mali and South Sudan. It warns that without immediate humanitarian action and concerted efforts to overcome severe access constraints and resolve ongoing conflicts, further starvation and death are likely.   The report - ‘Hunger Hotspots – FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity’ - issued today by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) calls for urgent humanitarian action to save lives and livelihoods and prevent starvation and death in hotspots where acute hunger is at high risk of worsening between November 2024 and May 2025.   In total, 22 countries/territories are classified as “hunger hotspots”, where high levels of acute food insecurity are expected to further deteriorate due to the combination of conflict, economic instability, and climate shocks during the outlook period. Without immediate intervention, including increased funding for food and livelihoods assistance, hundreds of thousands more people are expected to face starvation in the coming months.   “The situation in the hunger hotspots of highest concern is catastrophic. People are experiencing an extreme lack of food and face unprecedented enduring starvation fuelled by escalating conflicts, climate crises and economic shocks. If we are to save lives and prevent acute hunger and malnutrition, we urgently need to end the conflicts, and to restore access to and availability of nutritious food, including reactivating local food production.   Farmers need peace and security to grow food, harvest or sustain their livelihoods. Access to nutritious food is not just a basic need – it is a fundamental human right,” said QU Dongyu, FAO Director-General.   The report stresses that early, targeted action is essential to prevent the further deterioration of the crisis and avert mass hunger-related mortality. FAO and WFP are urging world leaders to prioritize conflict resolution, economic support, and climate adaptation measures to protect the most vulnerable populations from the brink of famine.   According to the report, Palestine, the Sudan, South Sudan, Haiti and Mali remain at the highest alert level and require the most urgent attention. Conflict is the primary driver of hunger in all these areas. All hotspots of the highest concern have communities already facing or at risk of famine or facing catastrophic conditions of acute food insecurity.   Chad, Lebanon, Myanmar, Mozambique, Nigeria, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen are hotspots of very high concern, with a large number of people facing critical acute food insecurity, coupled with worsening drivers that are expected to further intensify life-threatening conditions in the coming months.   Since the previous edition of the Hunger Hotspots report (June 2024), Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia and Niger have joined the list of hunger hotspots, alongside Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Somalia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, where acute food insecurity is likely to deteriorate further during the outlook period.   In crisis settings, over two-thirds of people rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. Emergency agriculture assistance has life-saving impacts on vulnerable populations enabling them to continue producing food locally to feed themselves, their families and their communities.   In crises, the FAO helps people to access food, through life-sustaining interventions that include: cash and vouchers for immediate needs; animal feed and vaccinations to protect livestock so people, in particular children, have continued access to protein and milk; poultry so eggs are available within days; and vegetable seeds for nutrition-dense food within weeks and support to grow staple crops.   http://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/report-warns-of-conflict-induced-famine-and-catastrophic-hunger/en http://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/for-2025--fao-seeks--1.9-billion-to-provide-life-saving--emergency-agriculture-assistance-to-49-million-people/en   June 2024   Hunger Hotspots: FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity   The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) are calling for urgent humanitarian action to save lives and livelihoods and prevent starvation and death in 18 hotspots – comprising a total of 17 countries and one regional cluster of four countries (drought-affected Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe) - where acute hunger is at a high risk of worsening from June to October 2024.   The report spotlights the urgent need of assistance to prevent the further deterioration in the devastating hunger crises in Gaza, Sudan, Haiti, Mali, and South Sudan. It also warns of further climate extremes upending lives and livelihoods.   The report highlights that many hunger hotspots face growing hunger crises with the worrying multiplier effect that simultaneous and overlapping shocks are having on acute food insecurity.   Conflict, climate extremes, and economic shocks continue to drive vulnerable households into food crises. Declining humanitarian funding is failing to meet urgent humanitarian assistance needs.   The ongoing conflict in Palestine is expected to further aggravate already catastrophic levels of acute hunger, with starvation and death already taking place, alongside the unprecedented death toll, widespread destruction and displacement of nearly the total population of the Gaza Strip – the report warns.   In mid-March 2024, famine was projected to occur by the end of May in the two northern governorates of the Gaza Strip, unless hostilities ended, full access was granted to humanitarian agencies, and essential services were restored. Over one million people – half the population of Gaza – are expected to face death and starvation (IPC Phase 5) by mid-July.   The report also warns of broader regional ramifications of the crisis, which risk exacerbating the already high food security needs in Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic.   Conflict and displacement also continue at an alarming pace and magnitude in the Sudan, where time is running out to save lives and the lean season looms – the report warns. The outlook for food production is bleak, and there is a rapidly shrinking window to support farmers before the main planting season ends and the rains begin, limiting access to the hardest-hit communities.   18 million people are acutely food insecure, including 3.6 million children acutely malnourished, and famine is rapidly closing in on millions of people in Darfur, Kordofan, Al Jazirah and Khartoum as recently stated by Principals of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee.   The crisis – now in its second year – is home to the largest number of internally displaced people in the world at nearly 10 million.   A further two million people have fled across borders, deepening the burden on neighbouring countries hosting a steadily growing number of refugees and returnees – especially in South Sudan and Chad, where existing hunger crises are deepening by the spillover from the deadly conflict in the Sudan.   In Haiti, in the midst of a protracted economic crisis, violence linked to non-state armed groups have disrupted food supplies and forced over 362,000 people to flee their homes and abandon their livelihoods – including farmland - amid continued uncertainties about the timing of the deployment of a Multinational Security Support Mission.   The report warns that critical levels of food insecurity and malnutrition risk worsening further, with the threat of catastrophic conditions reemerging, especially in areas where humanitarian access is limited by gang violence.   In Mali, already critical and catastrophic levels of acute food insecurity are likely to further increase, driven primarily by an intensification of conflict and compounded by the full withdrawal of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali.   In South Sudan, the number of people facing starvation and death is projected to almost double between April and July 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. Tight domestic food supplies and sharp currency depreciation are driving food prices to soar, compounded by likely floods and recurrent waves of subnational conflict. A projected further rise of returnees and refugees from the Sudan is likely to increase acute food insecurity among both new arrivals and host communities.   The previous Hunger Hotspots report from 2023 warned of the threat posed by El Nino weather pattern and associated extreme climatic events that put millions of people at risk of hunger and malnutrition. As the El Nino episode comes to an end, it is evident that its impact was severe and widespread – including devastating drought in Southern Africa and extensive floods in East Africa.   This edition of the report warns that La Nina weather conditions are expected to prevail between August 2024 and February 2025, significantly influencing rainfall distribution and temperatures. The shift in climate could have major implications for several hotspots, including risk of floods in parts of South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Haiti, Chad, Mali and Nigeria, as well as the Sudan.   Meanwhile, the Caribbean is bracing for an extremely active Atlantic hurricane season. The report warns that due to the uncertainty of current forecasts, continuous monitoring will be vital.   According to the report, Mali, Palestine, South Sudan and the Sudan remain at the highest alert level and require the urgent attention. Haiti was added to the list due to escalating violence and threats to food security. Conflict is the primary driver of hunger in all these areas.   All hotspots of the highest concern have communities facing or projected to face starvation, or are at risk of sliding towards catastrophic conditions, given they have already emergency levels of food insecurity and are facing severe aggravating factors.   Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen are hotspots of very high concern, with a large number of people facing critical acute food insecurity, coupled with worsening drivers that are expected to further intensify life-threatening conditions in the coming months.   Since the previous edition of the Hunger Hotspots report (October 2023), the Central African Republic, Lebanon, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Zambia have joined Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Somalia and Zimbabwe in the list of hunger hotspots, where acute food insecurity is likely to deteriorate further during the outlook period.   The report provides country-specific recommendations on priorities for anticipatory action and immediate emergency response to address existing and emerging needs to save lives and ensure predictable hazards do not become full-blown humanitarian disasters. Immediate humanitarian action delivered at scale will be critical to prevent further starvation and death in countries most at risk.   http://news.un.org/en/story/2024/06/1150646 http://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/hunger-hotspots-report-famine-looms-in-gaza-while-risk-of-starvation-persists-in-sudan--haiti--mali--and-south-sudan/en http://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/hunger-hotspots-fao-wfp-early-warnings-acute-food-insecurity-june-october-2024-outlook http://www.fightfoodcrises.net/hunger-hotspots/en   Apr. 2024   Over 280 million people in 59 countries experiencing high levels of acute hunger, reports Global Network Against Food Crises   Dangerous levels of acute hunger affected at least 281.6 million people last year – the fifth year in a row that food insecurity has worsened – heightening growing fears of famine and “widespread death” from Gaza to Sudan and beyond.   According to the latest Global Report on Food Crises, more than one in five people in 59 countries faced acute food insecurity in 2023.   “When we talk about acute food insecurity, we are talking about hunger so severe that it poses an immediate threat to people's livelihoods and lives. This is hunger that threatens to slide into famine and cause widespread death,” said Dominique Burgeon, Director of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Liaison Office in Geneva.   Food crises escalated alarmingly in 2023, the report’s authors noted, citing particular concerns over Gaza and Sudan today “where people are clearly dying of hunger”, said Gian Carlo Cirri, WFP Director, Geneva office.   After nearly seven months of conflict in Gaza, “people cannot meet even the most basic, food needs. They have exhausted all coping strategies. They are destitute and clearly some are dying of hunger,” Mr. Cirri said.   "The only way to halt the famine is to ensure daily deliveries of food supplies in a very short time. Like tomorrow, we really need to significantly increase our food supplies. This means rolling out massive and consistent food assistance in conditions that allow humanitarian staff and supplies to move freely and for affected people to access safely the assistance.”   “We are getting closer by the day to a famine situation. We estimate 30 per cent of children below the age of two are now acutely malnourished or wasted and 70 per cent of the population in the north is facing catastrophic hunger,” WFP’s Mr. Cirri said. “There is reasonable evidence that all three famine thresholds – food insecurity, malnutrition, mortality – will be passed in the next six weeks.”   On Sudan, the UN report notes that 20.3 million people – or 42 per cent of the population – struggled to find enough to eat last year, after conflict erupted in April. This represents the highest number of people in the world facing “emergency” levels of acute food insecurity, or phase four, in line with the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification warning scale, where phase five (IPC5) indicates the highest level of danger.   The report also warned that people in South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Somalia and Mali likely endured the worst levels of food insecurity – IPC 5 – in 2023.   Data was not available for some countries where there have been enduring fears over food crises, including Ethiopia, the report’s authors noted, while also pointing out that in Haiti, thousands of people were identified as IPC5 from September 2022 to February 2023.   39 countries faced emergency – IPC4 – levels of acute food insecurity last year, including Sudan, Afghanistan, Nigeria and Yemen.   “Households in this severe situation face large food gaps, which are either reflected in high acute malnutrition rates and excess mortality,” the Global Report on Food Crises noted.   Children and women are among those at the forefront of the hunger crises, with over 36 million children under 5 years of age acutely malnourished across 32 countries, the report shows. Acute malnutrition worsened among people displaced because of conflict and disasters in 2023.   Drivers of food crises   Intensifying conflict and insecurity, the impacts of economic shocks, and the effects of extreme weather events are continuing to drive acute food insecurity. These interlinked drivers are exacerbating food systems fragility, rural marginalization, poor governance, and inequality, and lead to massive displacement of populations globally. The protection situation of displaced population is additionally impacted by food insecurity.   Conflict remained the primary driver affecting 20 countries with nearly 135 million people in acute food insecurity – almost half of the global number. The Sudan faced the largest deterioration due to conflict, with 8.6 million more people facing high levels of acute food insecurity as compared with 2022.   Extreme weather events were the primary drivers in 18 countries where over 77 million people faced high levels of acute food insecurity, up from 12 countries with 57 million people in 2022. In 2023, the world experienced its hottest year on record and climate related shocks impacted populations, with episodes of severe floods, storms, droughts, wildfires, and pest and disease outbreaks.   Economic shocks primarily affected 21 countries where around 75 million people were facing high levels of acute food insecurity, due to their high dependency on imported food and agricultural inputs, persisting macroeconomic challenges, including currency depreciation, high prices and high debt levels.   Tackling food crises requires urgent long-term national and international investment to boost agricultural and rural development alongside greater crisis preparedness and critical lifesaving assistance at scale, where people need it most.   Peace and prevention must also become an integral part of the longer-term food systems transformation. Without this, people will continue to face a lifetime of hunger and the most vulnerable will starve.   Since 2023, needs have outpaced available resources. Humanitarian operations are now desperately overstretched, with many being forced to scale-down and further cut support to the most vulnerable.   More equitable and effective global economic governance is imperative and must be matched with government led plans that seek to reduce and end hunger.   The Global Network Against Food Crises urgently calls for a transformative approach that integrates peace, prevention and development action alongside at-scale emergency efforts to break the cycle of acute hunger which remains at unacceptably high levels.   http://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2024/   Mar. 2024   WFP Global Operational Response Plan: Update #10 – February 2024   This report provides an analysis of food security and evolving needs and an update on World Food Programme’s response and priorities.   The convergence of multiple crises – conflict, extreme climate patterns and economic shocks – is driving hunger, eroding livelihoods and entrenching vulnerabilities especially in the hardest hit food crisis countries.   This comes at a time when global demand for urgent humanitarian and development assistance remains significantly high, whereas funding levels of WFP have returned to pre-pandemic levels, following the outlier year 2022 generous donations.   More than ever, WFP is undertaking efforts to navigate this challenging humanitarian space by optimizing its available resources. WFP continues to prioritize the most vulnerable people with lifesaving assistance in the operations of the highest concern – the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central Sahel, Haiti, Sudan regional crisis, Palestine, Yemen and several others at risk of becoming ‘forgotten emergencies’.   Ending world hunger is one of the greatest challenges of our time; as many as 309 million people are facing acute levels of food insecurity in 2024 in the 72 countries with WFP operations and where data is available.   An estimated 42.3 million people across 45 countries will be in Emergency or worse levels of acute food insecurity in 2024. Without urgent life-saving action, these populations will be at risk of falling into catastrophe or famine conditions.   Globally, an estimated 45 million children under 5 were suffering from wasting. In 2024, the convergence of threats may further increase the number of children and pregnant and breastfeeding women affected by acute malnutrition.   Women and girls are bearing the brunt of the food crisis due to the social norms and structural barriers that limit their influence over the use of vital resources.   Between January and December 2023, WFP was able to reach an estimated 150 million people with food, cash and commodity vouchers. This is around 10 million fewer people reached than the same period in 2022. For 2024, WFP aims to reach 150 million people based on projected needs. WFP requires US$21.1 billion to meet food and nutrition needs this year.   http://www.wfp.org/publications/wfp-global-operational-response-plan-update-10-february-2024 http://www.wfp.org/stories/one-year-sudans-war-its-people-yearn-peace-amid-soaring-hunger http://www.wfp.org/stories/haitians-deserve-better-wfp-calls-funds-and-resources-gang-violence-fuels-hunger http://www.wfp.org/stories/hunger-gaza-famine-findings-dark-mark-world-says-wfp-palestine-country-director http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/en/ http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/resources/alerts-archive/en/ Visit the related web page
	Climate change: 38 trillion dollars in damages each year by Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research   Apr. 2024   38 trillion dollars in damages each year: World economy already committed to income reduction of 19 % due to climate change.   Even if CO2 emissions were to be drastically cut down starting today, the world economy is already committed to an income reduction of 19 % until 2050 due to climate change, a new study published in “Nature” finds.   These damages are six times larger than the mitigation costs needed to limit global warming to two degrees.   Based on empirical data from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years, scientists at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) assessed future impacts of changing climatic conditions on economic growth and their persistence.   “Strong income reductions are projected for the majority of regions, including North America and Europe, with South Asia and Africa being most strongly affected. These are caused by the impact of climate change on various aspects that are relevant for economic growth such as agricultural yields, labour productivity or infrastructure,” says PIK scientist and first author of the study Maximilian Kotz.   Overall, global annual damages are estimated to be at 38 trillion dollars. These damages mainly result from rising temperatures but also from changes in rainfall and temperature variability. Accounting for other weather extremes such as storms or wildfires could further raise them.   “Our analysis shows that climate change will cause massive economic damages within the next 25 years in almost all countries around the world, also in highly-developed ones such as Germany, France and the United States,” says PIK scientist Leonie Wenz who led the study.   ”These near-term damages are a result of our past emissions. We will need more adaptation efforts if we want to avoid at least some of them. And we have to cut down our emissions drastically and immediately – if not, economic losses will become even bigger in the second half of the century, amounting to up to 60% on global average by 2100.   This clearly shows that protecting our climate is much cheaper than not doing so, and that is without even considering non-economic impacts such as loss of life or biodiversity.”   To date, global projections of economic damages caused by climate change typically focus on national impacts from average annual temperatures over long-time horizons. By including the latest empirical findings from climate impacts on economic growth in more than 1,600 subnational regions worldwide over the past 40 years and by focusing on the next 26 years, the researchers were able to project sub-national damages from temperature and rainfall changes in great detail across time and space.   Countries least responsible will suffer most   “Our study highlights the considerable inequity of climate impacts: We find damages almost everywhere, but countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there. The countries least responsible for climate change, are predicted to suffer income loss that is 60% greater than the higher-income countries and 40% greater than higher-emission countries. They are also the ones with the least resources to adapt to its impacts.   Structural change towards a renewable energy system is needed for our security and will save us money. Staying on the path we are currently on, will lead to catastrophic consequences. The temperature of the planet can only be stabilized if we stop burning oil, gas and coal,” says Anders Levermann, Head of Research Department Complexity Science at the Potsdam Institute and co-author of the study.   http://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/38-trillion-dollars-in-damages-each-year-world-economy-already-committed-to-income-reduction-of-19-due-to-climate-change http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07219-0 http://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/new-study-calculates-climate-changes-economic-bite-will-hit-about-38-trillion-a-year-by-2049 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/17/climate-crisis-average-world-incomes-to-drop-by-nearly-a-fifth-by-2050 http://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-indicators-reached-record-levels-2023-wmo http://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-2023-hottest-year-record http://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2023   http://climate.copernicus.eu/weve-lost-19-years-battle-against-global-warming-paris-agreement http://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-confirms-2023-smashes-global-temperature-record http://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-analysis-confirms-2023-as-warmest-year-on-record/ http://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-climate-tipping-points-have-put-earth-on-disastrous-trajectory-says-new-report/ http://interconnectedrisks.org/ http://www.unicef.org/blog/urgent-need-child-centred-loss-and-damage-fund http://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/loss-and-damage-finance-children http://www.endchildhoodpoverty.org/publications-feed/climatechange   April 2024   Fossil fuel companies have increased their output of fossil fuels and related emissions since the Paris Climate Agreement.   57 major oil, gas and coal producers are directly linked to 80% of the world’s global fossil CO2 emissions since the 2016 Paris climate agreement, a new Carbon Majors study has revealed.   This group of state-controlled corporations and shareholder-owned multinationals are the leading drivers of the climate crisis, according to the InfluenceMap Carbon Majors Database, which is compiled by world-renowned researchers.   Although governments pledged in the Paris Climate Agreement to cut greenhouse gases, the analysis reveals that most major producers increased their output of fossil fuels and related emissions in the seven years after that climate agreement, compared with the seven years before.   "The majority of fossil fuel companies totaled higher production in the seven years after the Paris Agreement compared to the seven-year period before. 65% of state-owned companies and 55% of investor-owned companies showed higher production in 2016–2022 than in 2009–2015".   "The increase in production by state- and investor-owned companies after the Paris Agreement compared to before is most prevalent in Asia. All 5 Asian investor-owned companies and 8 out of the 10 Asian state-owned entities are linked to higher emissions in 2016–2022 compared to 2009–2015. This is primarily shaped by rising emissions from Asian coal production".   In the database of 122 of the world’s biggest historical climate polluters, the researchers found that 65% of state entities and 55% of private-sector companies had scaled up production.   During this period, the biggest investor-owned contributor to emissions was ExxonMobil of the United States, which was linked to 3.6 gigatonnes of CO2 over seven years. Close behind were Shell, BP, Chevron and TotalEnergies. A striking trend, was the surging growth of emissions related to state and state-owned producers, particularly in Asia.   The fossil fuel expansion runs contrary to the warning by the International Energy Agency and leading climate scientists that no new oil, coal and gas fields can be opened if the world is to stay within safe limits of global heating.   Climate scientists have emphasized global temperatures are rapidly approaching the Paris target of 1.5C above the pre-industrial era, with potentially dire consequences for people and the rest of nature beyond this threshold.   “It is morally reprehensible for companies to continue expanding exploration and production of carbon fuels in the face of knowledge now for decades that their products are harmful,” said Richard Heede, who established the Carbon Majors dataset in 2013. “Don’t blame consumers who have been forced to be reliant on oil and gas due to government capture by oil and gas companies.”   The Carbon Majors database includes a comparison between long-term emissions trends dating back to 1854, and more recent developments since the 2016 Paris deal. The historical record encompasses 122 entities linked to 72% of all the fossil fuel and cement CO2 emissions since the start of the industrial revolution, which amounts to 1,421 gigatonnes.   In this long-term analysis, Chinese state coal production accounts for 14% of historic global C02, the biggest share by far in the database. This is more than double the proportion of the former Soviet Union, which is in second place, and more than three times higher than that of Saudi Aramco, which is in third.   Then comes the big US companies – Chevron and ExxonMobil, followed by Russian’s Gazprom and the National Iranian Oil Company. After that are two investor-owned European firms: BP and Shell and then Coal India.   The 21st century rise of Asia becomes apparent when the historical records are compared with data from 2016-2022. In this recent period, the China coal share leaps to more than a quarter of all CO2 emission, while Saudi Aramco goes up to nearly 5%. The top 10 in this modern era is dominated by Chinese and Russian state entities and filled out with those from India and Iran.   The picture may change again in the future. The United States is the world’s biggest oil and gas producer even if operations are fragmented among many different companies. The U.S. has granted licences to multiple new exploration projects. Gulf states are also planning to step up their output.   Richard Heede says that fossil fuel producers have a moral obligation to pay for the damages they have caused and exacerbated through their delaying tactics. He cites the proposal made by Mia Mottley, the prime minister of Barbados, for oil and gas companies to contribute at least 10 cents in every dollar to a climate loss and damage fund.   Daan Van Acker, program manager at InfluenceMap, said many of the entities in the Carbon Majors database were moving in the wrong direction for climate stability.   “InfluenceMap’s new analysis shows that this group is not slowing down production, with most entities increasing production after the Paris agreement. This research provides a crucial link in holding these energy giants to account on the consequences of their activities.”   "The Carbon Majors research shows us who is responsible for the lethal heat, extreme weather, and air pollution that is threatening lives and wreaking havoc on our environment. These companies have made billions of dollars in profits while denying the problem and delaying and obstructing climate policy".   "They are spending millions on advertising campaigns about being part of a sustainable solution, all the while continuing to invest in more fossil fuel extraction. These findings emphasize that, more than ever, we need our governments to stand up to these companies, to end the era of fossil fuels and ensure a truly just transition." - Tzeporah Berman, Chair at Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty   http://carbonmajors.org/briefing/The-Carbon-Majors-Database-26913 http://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-gas/the-supermajors-plans-could-kill-115-million-people/ http://globalenergymonitor.org/report/drilling-deeper-2024-global-oil-gas-extraction-tracker/ http://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-new-oil-and-gas-projects-since-2021-could-emit-14bn-tonnes-of-co2/ http://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/04/global-large-companies-must-do-far-more-to-cut-carbon-emissions-and-limit-climate-damage/ http://cssn.org/decades-of-systematic-obstructionism-saudi-arabias-role-in-slowing-progress-in-un-climate-negotiations/ http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/communications-to-saudi-arabia-japan-france-usa-and-the-uk-and-13-financial-institutions-concerning-saudi-aramcos-business-activities-in-the-fossil-fuel-sector/ http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-climate-change-litigation/ http://climateattribution.org http://climate.law.columbia.edu/Silencing-Science-Tracker http://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(23)00198-7 http://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032023/corporate-interests-watered-down-the-latest-ipcc-climate-report-investigations-find/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962100142   http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/submission-to-the-un-consultation-on-corporate-accountability-in-the-context-of-human-rights-and-climate-change/ http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/submission-to-un-special-rapporteur-consultation-on-access-to-information-on-climate-change-and-human-rights/ http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/news/climate-litigation-against-companies-is-on-the-rise-report-finds/ http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/submission-to-the-un-working-group-on-business-and-human-rights-inquiry-on-investors-esg-and-human-rights/ http://www.wri.org/insights/banks-off-track-for-net-zero-emissions   http://www.transitionpathwayinitiative.org http://insideclimatenews.org/news/16052023/todays-climate-montana-anti-climate-law/ http://influencemap.org/pressrelease/US-House-Republicans-Anti-ESG-Priorities-Appear-to-Following-Stances-of-Leading-Industry-Associations-Opposing-Sustainable-Finance-Policy-24303 http://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240215-big-firms-with-7-tn-exit-climate-investment-pressure-group http://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/vanguard-quits-net-zero-climate-alliance-2022-12-07/ http://www.eiu.com/n/anti-esg-sentiment-in-the-us-weakens-esg-markets/ http://www.pleiadesstrategy.com/press-and-publications http://www.pleiadesstrategy.com/pleiades-anti-esg-bill-tracker-state-legislation-attacks-on-responsible-investing   http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/31/election-donald-trump-world-climate-goals-at-risk-un-chief http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/apr/02/eu-green-deal-far-right-environment-agribusiness-extremists http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/01/woke-capital-vivek-ramaswamy-esg-capitalism-finance http://influencemap.org/pressrelease/Retail-Investors-Want-Funds-and-Pension-Plans-to-Take-an-Active-Role-in-Addressing-Climate-Change-27167 http://www.asyousow.org/press-releases/2024/3/14-shareholders-continue-strong-advocacy-corporate-climate-social-action http://www.wri.org/insights/2023-ipcc-ar6-synthesis-report-climate-change-findings Visit the related web page
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