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Germany: Marches against the far-right draw over one million people
by France 24, DW, Carnegie Europe, agencies
 
Feb. 2025
 
How far-right parties across Europe are cannibalising the centre right, by Jon Henley for Guardian News
 
Far-right parties could become the largest force on the right in Europe within a decade, experts have said, as mainstream conservative parties look to copy their hardline agendas, especially on immigration, in a vain effort to win back votes.
 
Germany’s conservatives last week sparked fury when their leader, Friedrich Merz, the country’s likely next chancellor, broke a longstanding pledge by relying on far-right votes to adopt a non-binding motion urging a drastic immigration crackdown. The leader of Alternative für Deutschland, Alice Weidel, hailed “a historic day for Germany” as the Bundestag, for the first time in its history, passed a vote with the backing of her party, which is second in the polls weeks before this month’s elections.
 
Amid a wave of protests, parliament later rejected a similar conservative-tabled draft law thanks partly to rebel members of Merz’s own centre-right CDU/CSU alliance, with his predecessor as party leader, Angela Merkel, calling his move “wrong”.
 
In France, controversial remarks by the centrist prime minister, François Bayrou, about French people feeling “submerged” by immigration were hailed by the far-right National Rally as evidence that it had “won the ideological battle”.
 
And talks in Austria between the mainstream Austrian People’s party (ÖVP) conservatives and the pro-Kremlin Freedom party (FPÖ), which wants to expel all asylum seekers, are progressing and look set to lead to the country’s first far-right-led government since the second world war.
 
For decades, mainstream European parties on the right and left united behind a barrier – the Brandmauer (firewall) in Germany, the cordon sanitaire in France – against accommodating far-right ideas or cooperating with far-right parties.
 
More recently, however, centre-right parties in particular have increasingly adopted far-right policies and, in several countries, formed coalitions with far-right parties. Despite evidence showing this only boosts the radical right, the process is accelerating.
 
“We’re in a vicious cycle,” said Tarik Abou-Chadi, an associate professor of European politics at the University of Oxford. “It starts with the radical right being more successful, winning more seats, entering government in more countries.”
 
When that happens, “mainstream parties move right on immigration. It’s strategic, to win back votes. So you have this accommodation. Except it doesn’t work – it doesn’t bring the votes back. But two things do happen that reinforce the trend.”
 
So first, Abou-Chadi said, norms change. Accommodation normalises and legitimises far-right parties: voting for them is no longer a transgression. Second, opinion shifts: if mainstream parties say something is really important, people tend to believe it. “And then mainstream parties see that shift in public opinion and think: ‘We have to keep moving further to the right.’ And you end up broadening the coalition of people saying ‘we have to do something’ about immigration.”
 
However, political scientists say electoral and polling evidence from many countries strongly suggests that, for mainstream centre-right parties, the process of accommodation merely results in their being “cannibalised” by the far right.
 
Radical-right parties have already vanquished centre-right rivals in the Netherlands, where Geert Wilders’ Freedom party leads the government, and Italy, where Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy dominates the rightist bloc that won in 2022.
 
In September’s elections in Austria, Herbert Kickl’s far-right FPÖ beat the conservative ÖVP to finish first, and in France, Marine Le Pen’s RN far outnumbers the mainstream Les Républicains and has grown into the largest single party in parliament.
 
Elsewhere, far-right parties are signed-up members of conservative-led coalitions in Finland and Croatia, lending parliamentary support to another in Sweden, and on track to win elections and lead a coalition later this year in the Czech Republic.
 
In the UK, several recent polls have shown Nigel Farage’s anti-immigration Reform party has leapfrogged the Conservative party, which in recent years has veered sharply right on immigration, passing a controversial bill to send asylum seekers to Rwanda.
 
“Far-right parties advance in waves and we are certainly seeing an acceleration,” said Sarah de Lange, a professor of political pluralism at the University of Amsterdam. “In several countries they have become the biggest party, and in politics that matters.”
 
And it was a “mistaken assumption” for parties such as Germany’s CDU and the Netherlands’ People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) to think that “going tough” on immigration would win back votes. “The radical right clearly has more credibility here,” De Lange said. “And mainstream centre-right parties have been in office across Europe over the past few years. Voters simply ask why, if immigration was so important, they did nothing about it.”
 
Abou-Chadi said there was no question that far-right parties benefited electorally when mainstream parties collaborated with them. “We’ve seen it time and time again,” he said. “Even signalling a willingness to cooperate strengthens them.”
 
As long as there is a cordon sanitaire, he said, voters who are not just sympathetic to a far-right agenda but want to see it put into practice are less likely to vote for far-right parties, because they know there is little chance of them entering government.
 
Once that firewall crumbles, however, the floodgates are opened. Nathalie Tocci, the director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, a thinktank in Rome, contends that mainstream parties’ willingness to work with the extremes is “political suicide”.
 
“When moderate parties rule out cooperation with the radical right citizens know … a vote for the far right is wasted,” she said. “But when they wink at the far right, that disincentive evaporates. And voters tend to prefer the original to the copy.”
 
Europe’s centre-right parties could be subsumed by the far right within 10 to 15 years, Abou-Chadi predicted: “It’s already happened in some countries; in others it’s under way. We still talk about them as if they’re fringe. That has to change.”
 
De Lange agreed. “I think that’s very probable,” she said. “We’re seeing far-right parties scoring up to 30% now, mainstream parties’ share declining, and increasing fragmentation on the left. All that makes it look possible.”
 
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/01/vicious-cycle-far-right-parties-across-europe-are-inspiring-imitators http://observers.france24.com/en/neo-nazis-germany-elections-attended-afd-events http://www.dw.com/en/german-afd-party-labeled-extremist-by-domestic-intelligence-agency/a-72413346 http://www.dw.com/en/how-the-far-right-is-expanding-its-international-network/a-71530393 http://srm.solidar.org/ http://www.socialeurope.eu/progressives-under-pressure-confronting-the-gradual-rise-of-authoritarianism http://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/12/19/destruction-through-inclusion/ http://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/future-of-social-democracy/a-political-vaccine-against-the-extreme-right-7643/ http://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/future-of-social-democracy/let-them-eat-cake-7471/ http://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/future-of-social-democracy/
 
July 2024
 
French parliamentary elections: French voters reject prospect of extreme far right government. Left alliance wins most seats, ahead of President Macron's Ensemble alliance leaving the far right party in third place.
 
According to final results, the Nouveau Front Populaire left-wing alliance won 182 seats in France's Assemblée Nationale, ahead of Macron's coalition (168) and the far-right Rassemblement National (143).
 
Turnout, at 66.63%, was the highest in a parliamentary second round vote since 1997. The new National Assembly is due to convene in 10 days' time.
 
The broad left-wing NFP alliance, coordinated with Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble bloc to maximize their chances of combined victory, known in France as the Front républicain – when voters turn out in force to defeat the far right.
 
Prime Minister Gabriel Attal said French voters had rejected the prospect of a extreme far right government. He was joined by former prime minister Edouard Philippe who said a "crushing majority" of the French people had said no to the far right RN.
 
Controversial veteran leftist leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of France Unbowed (LFI), told supporters the results "were an immense relief for a majority of people in our country".. "We are allowed to love our country". "The ballot boxes have decided. The NFP is ready to govern. Its components, the united left, have risen to the circumstances and have foiled the trap set for the country. Once again, it has saved the Republic," Melenchon said.
 
Greens leader Marine Tondelier said the Popular Front was ready to govern France: "We've won and now we are ready to govern France. People are keen to know what happens next.. In this complicated situation, we will reflect, within the New Popular Front, on the best solutions for France – as much when it comes to form as to substance".
 
"According to the logic of our institutions, Emmanuel Macron should officially invite the New Popular Front to nominate a prime minister … Will he or won’t he? As this president is always full of surprises, we’ll see".
 
Socialist leader Olivier Faure said "The far right made the choice of dividing the French people. France has said no to the far right".. “France deserves better than an alternative between neoliberalism and fascism.”
 
Former French President Francois Hollande is set to be one of the new members of the National Assembly as part of the NFP alliance.
 
The NFP alliance policy programme includes raising the minimum wage, putting a price cap on basic goods to help fight pressing cost-of-living pressures, undertaking reforms to France’s tax system, including reinstating the wealth tax that President Macron abolished and levying a windfall tax on profitable large corporations to pay for an increase in social spending.
 
President Macron's policies have followed a neoliberal, pro-business agenda that is widely perceived to have increased social inequalities. The far right National Rally has sought to blame migrants for the cost of living pressures and it's policies and members racist and nativist xenophobic exhortations alarmed many.
 
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez hailed France's "rejection of the far right" after a left-wing coalition was projected to form the largest group in the French parliament.
 
"This week, two of the largest countries in Europe have chosen the same path that Spain chose a year ago: rejection of the extreme right and a decisive commitment to a social left that addresses people's problems with serious and brave policies," Sanchez posted on social media. "The United Kingdom and France have said YES to progress and social advancement and NO to the regression in rights and freedoms. There is no agreement or government with the extreme right."
 
http://www.france24.com/en/france/20240627-how-the-french-murdoch-carried-le-pen-s-far-right-to-the-brink-of-power http://www.france24.com/en/france/20240704-racism-and-xenophobia-on-the-rise-as-french-voters-gear-up-for-crucial-election
 
20 Jan. 2024 (Deutsche Welle, Correctiv)
 
Hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets in demonstrations against far-right extremism in cities across Germany. Rallies were expected in more than 100 German cities and towns over the weekend.
 
Details of a plan concocted in a secret meeting of right-wing extremists and the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party to deport millions of migrants and minorities have led to a surge in pro-democracy marches and protests in cities across the country.
 
An estimated 300,000 people bundled up against freezing weather for protests in Hamburg, Frankfurt, Hanover, Kassel, Dortmund, Wuppertal, Karlsruhe, Nuremberg, Erfurt and other German cities and towns, with some placards playing on the Alternative for Germany party's name: "Fascism isn't an alternative."
 
About 35,000 people gathered in Frankfurt on Saturday for a "defend democracy" march. Protesters filled the central square, where organizers planned to hold the rally, as well as a second nearby square and the streets in between. Police said the demonstration peaceful.
 
One of the Frankfurt protest's co-organizers, Peter Josiger, said the deportation plans discussed at the Potsdam secret meeting were "nothing less than an attack on the basis of our coexistence" and called for "an active stand against the right from the entire breadth of society."
 
Former German President Christian Wulff and the premier of the state of Lower Saxony, Stephan Weil, addressed about 35,000 people on Hanover's Opera Square. Protesters carried banners with slogans including "We are diverse" and "Never again 1933!" recalling the rise of the Nazi party, the horrors of the Holocaust and World War II.
 
On Friday, a massive rally in Hamburg had to be stopped early as far more people than expected turned out. The largest protest of its sort so far, police said there were 50,000 people and organizers put the number 80,000, pointing out that the rally was called to a close before many were able to reach it.
 
Police estimates of crowd sizes at other protests included: 12,000 in Kassel, 7,000 each in Dortmund and Wuppertal, 20,000 in Karlsruhe, at least 10,000 in Nuremberg, about 16,000 in Halle/Saale, 5,000 in Koblenz and several thousand in Erfurt. More protests are expected on Sunday, including in Berlin, Munich Cologne, Dresden, Leipzig and Bonn.
 
The demonstrations were sparked by a report from news outlet Correctiv that detailed how AfD members met with far-right extremists in November in Potsdam. Members of the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the largest opposition party, also attended.
 
Participants at the meeting, discussed "remigration," a term frequently used in far-right circles as a euphemism for the expulsion of immigrants and minorities, including those who are naturalized German citizens.
 
News of the gathering shocked many in Germany, at a time when the AfD is riding high in opinion polls before three major regional elections in eastern Germany — where the party's support is strongest.
 
Leading politicians, including Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who joined a demonstration last weekend along with Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock, said any plan to expel immigrants or citizens alike amounted to "an attack against our democracy, and in turn, on all of us." He called on people "all to take a stand — for cohesion, for tolerance, for our democratic Germany."
 
German Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck accused the AfD of wanting to turn Germany into a Russian-style autocratic state. Reacting to the reports, 25 Social Democratic Bundestag members called for a ban on the AfD to be examined, particularly for the party's "extremist" state associations.
 
Interior Minister Nancy Faeser pointed out that the far-right extremists groups met at a Potsdam hotel near where the Nazi party on January 20, 1942 — exactly 82 years ago — coordinated the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" and discussed the systematic murder of millions of Jews in Europe.
 
"It involuntarily brings back memories of the terrible Wannsee Conference," she told the Funke Mediengruppe on Saturday.
 
She said it was important to be clear that "what is hidden behind harmless-sounding terms such as 'remigration' is the idea of expelling and deporting people en masse because of their ethnic origin or their political views."
 
http://www.dw.com/en/germany-second-day-of-anti-far-right-protests-sweeps-major-cities/a-68045396 http://correctiv.org/en/top-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/germany-enemy-within-filmmaker-far-right-political-divides/ http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/91411 http://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/european-integration/putting-orban-in-charge-of-europe-is-a-terrible-idea-7238/ http://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy-and-society/a-far-right-eu-6854/ http://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2023/aug/28/europe-centre-right-parties-european-parliament http://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2023/06/20/europe-is-threatened-by-right-wing-alliances_6034392_23.html
 
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/sep/30/austria-far-right-win-global-election-freedom-party http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/01/far-right-success-austria-denied-power-freedom-party http://www.euronews.com/tag/far-right http://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/political-disruptions-fiscal-austerity http://grist.org/agriculture/europe-farmer-protests-eu-climate-progress/ http://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-2023-hottest-year-record http://global-tipping-points.org/summary-report/key-messages/ http://www.germanwatch.org/en/87904 http://blog.resourcewatch.org/2022/03/01/5-takeaways-on-cropland-expansion-and-what-it-means-for-people-and-the-planet/ http://www.channel4.com/news/climate-injustice-malawi-crippled-by-global-warming-it-didnt-create-dubbed
 
http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2025/fundamental-rights-forum-2024-one-year http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2024/rising-living-costs-and-racism-threaten-fundamental-rights-protection-europe-fras http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2024/one-three-women-eu-have-experienced-violence http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2023/online-hate-we-need-improve-content-moderation-effectively-tackle-hate-speech http://concordeurope.org/2024/10/22/aidwatch-2024-whose-interests-does-official-development-assistance-truly-serve/
 
* Commentary on the European elections 2024
 
http://www.socialeurope.eu/euro-elections-demand-progress-not-prevarication http://www.socialeurope.eu/european-elections-political-squalls-ahead http://www.socialeurope.eu/the-european-elections-the-right-lessons-to-learn http://cepr.org/multimedia/economic-decline-and-rise-populism http://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/nature-food/47115/eu-governments-adopt-diminished-nature-restoration-law/ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293083 http://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-do-the-european-elections-mean-for-eu-climate-action/ http://insideclimatenews.org/news/07062024/eu-parliamentary-election-global-climate-policy http://multinationales.org/en/investigations/the-atlas-network-france-and-the-eu/ http://theconversation.com/au/topics/european-elections-2024-146227 http://www.hrw.org/news/2024/05/15/human-rights-guide-2024-european-elections


 


Leaders must act to protect people from climate chaos, and end the fossil fuel age
by United Nations News, agencies
 
Jan. 2024
 
2023 has been confirmed as the hottest year on record surpassing 2016, the previous hottest year, by a large margin, according to a new report released by the European Union Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The data for this record goes back to 1850.
 
Samantha Burgess, deputy director of Copernicus, said 2023 was an exceptional year "with climate records tumbling like dominoes."
 
July and August were Earth's two warmest months on record along with the Northern Hemisphere's summer season reaching new highs. December 2023 was the warmest December on record globally.
 
Analysis shows that 2023 was 1.48 degrees Celsius warmer than the 1850-1900 pre-industrial reference level with close to half of the days in 2023 surpassing the 1.5°C warming limit. Two days in November days that were more than 2°C warmer for the first time on record.
 
"Not only is 2023 the warmest year on record, it is also the first year with all days over 1°C warmer than the pre-industrial period. Temperatures during 2023 likely exceed those of any period in at least the last 100,000 years," Burgess said.
 
Since June, every month has been the world's hottest on record compared with the corresponding month in previous years. More than 200 days saw a new daily global temperature record for the time of year, according to Copernicus Climate Change Service data.
 
The world’s CO2 emissions from burning coal, oil and gas hit record levels in 2023. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere rose to the highest level recorded at 419 parts per million, C3S said.
 
"These are more than just statistics," says Prof Petteri Taalas, the Secretary General of the World Meteorological Organization between 2016 and 2023. "Extreme weather is destroying lives and livelihoods on a daily basis."
 
Countries agreed in the 2015 Paris Agreement to try to prevent global warming surpassing 1.5C, to avoid its most severe consequences.
 
C3S said that temperatures exceeding the level on nearly half of the days of 2023 sets "a dire precedent".
 
2023 saw massive fires in Canada, extreme droughts in the Horn of Africa or the Middle East, unprecedented summer heatwaves in Europe, the United States and China, along with record winter warmth in Australia and South America.
 
"Such events will continue to get worse until we transition away from fossil fuels and reach net-zero emissions," says University of Reading climate change professor Ed Hawkins. "We will continue to suffer the consequences of our inactions today for generations."
 
Prof Brian Hoskins, at Imperial College London, said: “2023 has given us a taste of the climate extremes that occur near the Paris targets. It should shake the complacency displayed in the actions by most governments around the world.”
 
"We desperately need to rapidly cut fossil fuel use and reach net-zero to preserve the liveable climate that we all depend on," said John Marsham, atmospheric science professor at the University of Leeds.
 
Each fraction of temperature increase exacerbates extreme and destructive weather disasters.
 
http://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-indicators-reached-record-levels-2023-wmo http://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-2023-hottest-year-record http://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2023 http://climate.copernicus.eu/weve-lost-19-years-battle-against-global-warming-paris-agreement http://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-confirms-2023-smashes-global-temperature-record http://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-analysis-confirms-2023-as-warmest-year-on-record/
 
Jan. 2024
 
Hottest year on record underlines severity of the climate crisis. (Amnesty)
 
Reacting to the European Union’s Copernicus Global Climate Report confirming that 2023 was the hottest year ever recorded, Ann Harrison, Amnesty International’s Climate Policy Advisor, said:
 
“This alarming record shows that heating of the global climate is rapidly accelerating, with ever more serious consequences for human rights. With greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at the highest levels ever recorded, it is increasingly clear that we have entered a deeply worrying era of climate instability.
 
“This heating is worsening heatwaves and droughts, increasing wildfires, intensifying rainfall and generating more violent storms, all of which can have a devastating effect on the environment, biodiversity and marginalized groups.
 
“Within eight years of the Paris climate agreement being signed, the 1.5ºC rise in global temperatures this century it incorporated as a buffer against the worst impacts of climate change has been all but used up".
 
“Governments must urgently support an equitable transition to renewables, but all too often they choose to violate or water down previous climate commitments and evade their human rights responsibilities. Corporate influence over domestic and global decision-making means that the human rights of the majority are being sacrificed for the profits of a powerful few".
 
http://climatenetwork.org/2023/12/13/new-path-to-transition-away-from-fossil-fuels-marred-by-lack-of-finance-and-loopholes/ http://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/14/cop28-fossil-fuel-commitment-lacks-urgency http://www.iied.org/historical-cop28-outcomes-nowhere-near-enough-for-least-developed-countries http://www.ifrc.org/press-release/cop28-urgency-action-and-funds-are-missing http://www.ciel.org/news/cop28-ciel-comment-cop28-dubai-summit-people-powered-progress-and-fossil-fueled-failure/ http://www.carbonbrief.org/cop28-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-dubai/ http://insideclimatenews.org/news/24012024/a-historic-and-devastating-drought-in-the-amazon-was-caused-by-climate-change-researchers-say/ http://insideclimatenews.org/news/28012024/with-world-warming-scientists-warn-of-unrest-and-authoritarian-backlash/ http://www.openglobalrights.org/anti-green-authoritarianism-democratic-backsliding-heating-planet/ http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/14/failure-cop28-fossil-fuel-phase-out-devastating-say-scientists
 
27 Nov. 2023
 
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres briefing to reporters after seeing for himself the “profoundly shocking” speed at which ice is melting in Antarctica:
 
"I have just returned from Antarctica – the sleeping giant. A giant being awoken by climate chaos. Together, Antarctica and Greenland are melting well over three times faster than they were in the early 1990s.
 
It is profoundly shocking to stand on the ice of Antarctica and hear directly from scientists how fast the ice is disappearing. New figures show that this September, Antarctic sea ice was 1.5 million square kilometres smaller than the average for the time of year – an area roughly equal to the combined size of Portugal, Spain, France and Germany. And this year, Antarctic sea ice hit an all-time low.
 
That matters for us all. What happens in Antarctica doesn’t stay in Antarctica. We live in an interconnected world. Melting sea ice means rising seas. And that directly endangers lives and livelihoods in coastal communities across the globe.
 
Floods and saltwater intrusion imperil crops and drinking water – threatening food and water security.
 
Homes are no longer insurable. Coastal cities and entire small islands risk being lost to the seas. And vital natural systems are at risk of being disrupted.
 
The movement of waters around Antarctica distributes heat, nutrients and carbon around the world, helping to regulate our climate and regional weather patterns. But that system is slowing as the Southern Ocean grows warmer and less dense. Further slowdown – or entire breakdown – would spell catastrophe.
 
The cause of all this destruction is clear: The fossil fuel pollution coating the Earth and heating the planet. Without changing course, we’re heading towards a calamitous three-degree Celsius temperature rise by the end of the century.
 
Sea surface temperatures are already at record highs. If we continue as we are, and I strongly hope we will not, the Greenland and West Antarctica ice sheets will cross a deadly tipping point. This alone would ultimately push up sea levels by around ten meters.
 
We are trapped in a deadly cycle. Ice reflects the sun’s rays. As it vanishes, more heat is absorbed into the Earth’s atmosphere. That means more heating, which means more storms, floods, fires and droughts across the globe. And more melting. Which means, with less ice, even more heating.
 
Leaders must break this cycle. The solutions are well known. Leaders must act to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, protect people from climate chaos, and end the fossil fuel age.
 
We need a global commitment to triple renewables, double energy efficiency, and bring clean power to all, by 2030. We need a clear and credible commitment to phase out fossil fuels on a timeframe that aligns with the 1.5-degree limit.
 
And we need climate justice - setting the world up for a huge increase in investment in adaptation and loss and damage to protect people from climate extremes. Leaders must not let the hopes of people around the world for a sustainable planet melt away".
 
http://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-warming-of-2c-would-trigger-catastrophic-loss-of-worlds-ice-new-report-says/ http://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports http://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2023 http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/governments-plan-produce-double-fossil-fuels-2030-15degc-warming http://www.unep.org/resources/production-gap-report-2023 http://www.unep.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report-2023 http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/what-are-uneps-climate-related-gap-reports-and-why-do-they-matter http://unctad.org/publication/taking-responsibility-towards-fit-purpose-loss-and-damage-fund http://www.unocha.org/roadmap-cop28 http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/ http://tinyurl.com/3v7myx4b http://unocha.exposure.co/seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-climate-change http://mediacentre.christianaid.org.uk/2023-costliest-climate-disasters-reveal-global-postcode-lottery-christian-aid-study-finds/ http://www.lancetcountdown.org/2023-report/


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