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	From Peace in the Home to Peace in the World by Rutgers: Center for Women’s Global Leadership   From Peace in the Home to Peace in the World: Let’s Challenge Militarism and End Gender-Based Violence!   Positioning the 16 Days Campaign from November 25 (International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women) and December 10 (Human Rights Day) rightfully stresses that gender-based violence is an international human rights violation.   In the lead up to, and during, the 16 days of activism, participants will highlight the systemic nature of gender-based violence and militarism which encourages inequality and discrimination and prioritizes weapons spending over funding for quality education and healthcare and safe public spaces.   The culture of militarism builds on and protects systems of power by controlling dissent and using violence to settle economic, political and social disputes.   Militarism draws on and perpetuates patriarchal models of political, economic, and social domination of people by a small number of elites and privileges violent masculinity as acceptable behavior.   The 16 Days Campaign focus on the intersections of gender-based violence and militarism is an effort to work toward a more equitable and peaceful world.   The intersectionality of age, class, gender, geographic location, race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, sexual orientation among other categories of analysis inform the ways in which women experience and respond to violence, inequality, and discrimination.   They also affect the ways in which communities and the States respond since States’ relations with the people are mediated in part through the above categories.   Integral to a world free of gender-based violence where all are able to experience freedom from fear and want is, in part, the recognition of the indivisibility of human rights, and that women’s rights are human rights. Within the contexts of the intersections of gender-based violence, militarism, and economic and social rights, and being mindful of the work of campaigners worldwide, the 16 Days Campaign has identified three priority areas for the 2014 Campaign:   1 Violence Perpetrated by State Actors   Despite the due diligence principle requiring State responsibility to respect, protect, and promote human rights, State actors often act with impunity as transgressors of human rights norms and/or often fail to deliver justice against perpetrators of violence, especially when conducted against socially and economically marginalized groups.   Bolstered by their powerful positions, State and non-State actors use violence and the threat of violence to achieve social, economic and political control over individuals and communities.   Frequently, this violence specifically targets women and in particular human rights defenders (WHRDs) other protestors and dissenters as a way to silence through fear. WHRDs are targets of both State and non-State actors and face physical and sexual violence because of who they are and what they do.   In addition, the lack of accountability and regulation of transnational corporations (TNCs), including in the extractive industry, and private military companies, empowers them with the power to exploit and violate the human rights of workers, indigenous communities, and local populations, including human rights defenders.   What can be done?   Document and publicize instances of violations against human rights defenders, journalists, indigenous and marginalized groups.   Engage with members of your community and with policymakers who are willing to listen and who work at the local, national, international and other influential levels to make ending gender-based violence a priority and success marker for national development.   Strengthen and support the work of Women Human Rights Defenders and demand accountability from State and non-State perpetrators of violence through national, regional, and international mechanisms.   2 Proliferation of Small Arms in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence   Domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV) is a violation of human rights that affects every society, culture, and community worldwide. IPV flourishes because of economic dependence, gendered social norms, and inadequate and gender blind policies.   Economic independence and transformative shifts that eliminate the current social acceptance of gender inequality and violence is necessary for an end to domestic and intimate partner violence.   The presence of small arms, such as guns increases the risk of murder by 41%, but in domestic and IPV situations for women the risk becomes even greater (272%).   Not surprisingly, experts estimate that approximately 900 million small arms are in the global market, with women three to four times more likely to be victims of threats and deaths compared to men.   The use of and the proliferation of small arms is an extension of normalization of violence, violent masculinity, and militarism. To curb these rates of violence, action must go beyond lip-service, legislation, or reform and toward focused implementation of prevention, protection, justice, and services for survivors.   What can be done?   Support disarmament of perpetrators of intimate partner violence and stronger regulation of small arms. Work with your communities and policymakers to require stronger background checks, gun storage, and linking the occurrence of intimate partner violence with removal of guns from homes.   Encourage conversation on intimate partner violence with family, friends, and community members in order to remove stigma, protect, and support those who report it.   Advocate for improved training and response by local law enforcement that adequately addresses intimate partner violence.   3 Sexual Violence During and After Conflict   Belligerents and opportunists in conflict climates commit acts of violence directed especially against women and girls as a way to instill fear, threaten, or weaken the opposing side and to reap from what they see as “spoils of war”.   Various forms of sexual violence are violations of human rights and human dignity and are used to fuel conflict between ethnic and ideological groups and by international power holders as the basis of interventions and occupations.   Sexual violence is gendered and carries social stigma, forcing women and girls into perpetually insecure lives with inadequate services and support from family, community, and/or health and justice providers.   The onus to protect and prevent sexual violence is forced upon women or their families and communities, while the act is often condoned as a reality both of “peace” and of war and instability across the conflict spectrum.   Militarism feeds attitudes that support impunity for perpetrators and allows the legal justice system to be lax about investigation, prosecution, and punishment of crimes of sexual violence.   Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes must also address women and girls forced into sexual slavery and combat, and prevention, protection, and justice mechanisms must involve women’s experiences.   What can be done?   Build local and international awareness by writing and speaking on the occurrence and stigma of sexual violence or use your skills to heighten the sense of urgency around sexual violence in your community.   Encourage policymakers to make addressing the crime of sexual violence in conflict a priority and to support local, national, and international prevention, protection, and justice mechanisms and women’s leadership in peace processes.   Work with men and boys who believe in gender equality to end gender-based violence in conflict and work together to involve more of their peers in ending gender-based and sexual violence.   http://16dayscwgl.rutgers.edu/2014-campaign/2014-theme-announcement http://www.womenstopwar.org/conference-home/ http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/16Days2014/Pages/16DaysIndex.aspx http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/SmallArms.aspx http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/?small-arms-survey-2014 Visit the related web page
	UN expert warns access to adequate food is still far from being achieved by Hilal Elver UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food   24 October 2014   Eradicating hunger and ensuring access to adequate food has not been universally achieved despite considerable legislative and judicial progress in many countries throughout the world in the last decade, said today the new United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Hilal Elver.   “The challenge is global, with approximately one billion people around the world suffering from chronic hunger, while another billion suffer from ‘hidden hunger’ caused by a lack of crucial vitamins and minerals” Ms. Elver stressed in her first report to the UN General Assembly*.   “Climate change and environmental degradation in particular pose a major threat to global food security, compounded by globalization of the food sector, an ever expanding monoculture for export and large corporations, and a worrisome rise in food prices in recent years,” she said referring to the many obstacles preventing people from accessing their basic right to food in a reliable and dignified manner.   In her report, Ms. Elver also highlights the considerable challenges faced by women: “They play a vital role in food security and nutrition, yet they continue to be disproportionately affected by poverty, malnutrition and unpaid care roles in the family and community.”   “The empowerment of women and the protection of their rights should be placed at the center of the right to food policy-making process as an agency of change,” the expert said. In her view, “this should not be limited to rural areas, but also extended to urban women, as well as women from indigenous communities, those living in refugee camps, ethnic and religious minorities and undocumented migrants.”   The Special Rapporteur emphasized that States are responsible, individually and through international co-operation, to take all steps necessary to meet the vital food needs of their people, especially of the most vulnerable groups.   “Children in particular are suffering because of a lack of access to adequate food, with more than two million children under five dying every year as a result of poor nutrition. This is unacceptable if we are to protect the rights of future generations,” she noted.   “In contrast chronic diseases related to obesity, including heart disease, diabetes and some cancers as a result of dietary changes and urbanization are on the rise, with children and adolescents the main targets of marketing campaigns employed by the food and beverage industry.”   The Special Rapporteur called for renewed political commitment from all States to advance the implementation of the right to adequate food, urging them to address the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals so as to reach all proposed goals, with priority given to sustainability and the adoption of a vigorous human rights approach.   http://www.ohchr.org/EN/newyork/Pages/HRreportstothe69thsessionGA.aspx Visit the related web page
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